\
Enhanced links are provided by Diverse Kegg pathway analysis of GWAS and other networks

           
Ongoing clinical trials ClinicalTrials.Gov Centers for disease control and prevention Hepatitis C database NCBI Health Hepatitis C viruses Genomes and Molecular Biology. Edited by Seng-Lai Tan NCBI bookshelf Wikipedia

 

 

Host proteins used by the hepatitis C virus during its life cycle.

If you know of other direct interactions, (or corrections) please with Pubmed ID, gene symbol/accession number and viral interacting protein. Thank you.

Viral proteins CORE, E1, E2, P7: NS2 NS3 NS4A NS4B , NS5A, NS5B , F protein

HCVgp1 polyprotein interactions HCVgp2

Many of these genes are the subject of bulk siRNA studies Li et al, 2009 , and from a review by De Chassey et al, 2008 and are also derived from the Hepatitis C Virus Protein Interaction Database (HCVpro) Kwofie et al, 2011 to which new interactions have been added.

  1. AADAC arylacetamide deacetylase: Viral production reduced by AADAC knockdown in JFH-1/Huh7.5 cells Nourbakhsh et al, 2013
  2. AAK1 AP2 associated kinase 1: AAK1 and GAK regulate HCV assembly by stimulating binding of the µ subunit of AP-2, AP2M1, to HCV core protein Neveu et al, 2014 .
  3. ABCA1 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 1 : ABCA1-stimulation inhibits viral cell entry Bocchetta et al, 2014
  4. ABCB6 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 6 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  5. ABHD2 abhydrolase domain containing 2: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  6. ACACA acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha inhibition inhibits viral replication Kapadia and Chisari, 2005
  7. ACBD3 acyl-CoA binding domain containing 3: bind to NS5A Hong et al, 2014
  8. ACLY ATP citrate lyase: interacts with NS5A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  9. ACP1 acid phosphatase 1, soluble interacts with CORE protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  10. ACTG1 – actin, gamma 1: Component of the viral replication complex Park et al, 2013
  11. ACTN1 actinin, alpha 1 binds to NS3, NS5B De Chassey et al, 2008
  12. ACTN2 actinin, alpha 2:interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  13. ACY3 aspartoacylase (aminocyclase) 3: Binds to and cleaves CORE protein Tsirulnikov et al, 2012
  14. ADAMTS4 ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 4: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  15. ADAR adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific: interacts with viral 5' terminal untranslated RNA Li et al, 2014
  16. AEBP1 adipocyte enhancer binding protein 1: interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  17. ADI1 acireductone dioxygenase 1:physical interaction between MMP14and ADI1 led to suppression of HCV infection. This inhibitory effect could be reversed by ADI1 overexpression.Chang et al, 2015.
  18. ADK adenosine kinase: inolved in the antiviral activity of ribavirin.Mori et al, 2013
  19. AGO1– argonaute RISC catalytic component 1: miR-122 recruits Ago1 and AGO2 to the 5'-UTR of the internal ribosome entry site Conrad et al, 2013
  20. AGO2 – argonaute RISC catalytic component 2: see AGO1
  21. AGPAT3 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 3: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  22. AGRN Agrin interacts with CORE protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  23. AGT angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) interacts with F protein Huang et al, 2005
  24. AHNAK AHNAK nucleoprotein interacts with NS5A protein Ahn et al, 2004
  25. AHSA1 AHA1, activator of heat shock 90kDa protein ATPase homolog 1 interacts with NS5A protein Randall et al, 2007
  26. AICDA activation-induced cytidine deaminase: activated by the viris via NFKB1 Endo et al, 2007
  27. ALAD aminolevulinate dehydratase: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  28. ALDH1A1 aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1: (retinaldehyde dehydrogenase) upregulated in in HCV replicon-harboring cells Koike et al, 2012
  29. ALG13 asparagine-linked glycosylation 13 homolog (S. cerevisiae) (Ex CXorf45) interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  30. AKT1 v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 interacts with NS5A protein Randall et al, 2007
  31. AMMECR1L AMME chromosomal region gene 1-like: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  32. ANGPTL3 – angiopoietin-like 3: HCV core represses expression via loss of HNF-1a binding activity and blockage of LXR/RXR transactivation Foka et al, 2013
  33. ANKRD12 ankyrin repeat domain 12 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  34. ANKRD20A1 ankyrin repeat domain 20 family, member A1: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  35. ANKRD28 ankyrin repeat domain 28 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  36. ANXA2 annexin A2 binds to NS5A Backes et al, 2010
  37. ANXA5 annexin A5: Component of the viral replication complex Park et al, 2013
  38. AP1GBP1: AP1 gamma subunit binding protein 1: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  39. AP3B1: adaptor-related protein complex 3, beta 1 subunit: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  40. APAF1 apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 : Core-expressing apoptotic cells indicated a significant increase in the level of Apaf-1, coinciding with caspase-9 activation Meyer et al, 2005
  41. APC2 adenomatosis polyposis coli 2: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  42. APH1A Gamma secretase (APH1A, PSEN1, PSEN2, PSENEN, NCSTN) cleaves the viral receptor LDLR and SDC2 Lleó and Saura, 2011
  43. APLP2: amyloid beta (A4) precursor-like protein 2: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  44. AP2M1 mediator of HCV clathrin-dependent endocytosis (siRNA study) Coller et al, 2009
  45. APOA1 apolipoprotein A-I interacts with NS5A protein Shi et al, 2002
  46. APOA2 apolipoprotein A-2 interacts with CORE protein Sabile et al, 1999
  47. APOB apolipoprotein B (including Ag(x) antigen) binds to E1 protein Mazumdar et al, 2011
  48. APOBEC3G apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3G: cytidine deaminase restriction factor against hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication, Zhu et al, 2015
  49. APOC1 apolipoprotein C-I a component of the viral particle Meunier et al, 2008
  50. APOE apolipoprotein E interacts with NS5A Benga et al, 2010 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
    1. APOE bound to the virus uses cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan receptors in hepatocytes Jiang et al, 2013
  51. APOH apolipoprotein H (beta-2-glycoprotein I) : implicated in HCV clearance Laird et al, 2014.
  52. ARAP1 ArfGAP with RhoGAP domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 1 (Ex CENTD2) interacts with NS5A protein Ahn et al, 2004
  53. AREG amphiregulin required for viral assembly Pei et al, 2011
  54. ARF1 ADP-ribosylation factor 1 regulates viral replication Matto et al, 2011
  55. ARFGAP1 ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase activating protein 1: Interacts with the NS5A protein Li et al, 2014
  56. ARFIP1 ADP-ribosylation factor interacting protein 1 interacts with NS5A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  57. ARFIP2 ADP-ribosylation factor interacting protein 2 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  58. ARFRP1 ADP ribosylation factor related protein 1: interacts with NS5A Lim et al, 2016
  59. ARHGAP22: Rho GTPase activating protein 22: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  60. ARHGEF6 Rac/Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 6 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  61. ARHGEF7 Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 7 : siRNA knockdown increases infection Li et al, 2009
  62. ARHGEF10L: Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 10-like: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  63. ARNT aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  64. ARRDC2: arrestin domain containing 2: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  65. ASXL1 additional sex combs like 1 (Drosophila) interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  66. ATF6 activating transcription factor 6 : interacts with NS4B protein Tong et al, 2002 promoter activated by NS2 von dem Bussche et al, 2010
  67. ATF6B activating transcription factor 6 beta (CREBL1) interacts with NS4B protein Tong et al, 2002
  68. ATG4B autophagy related 4B, cysteine peptidase : autophagy related : autophagy proteins (Beclin-1, Atg4B, Atg5, and Atg12) are proviral factors required for translation of incoming HCV RNA and for initiation of HCV replication Dreux et al, 2009
  69. ATG5 autophagy related 5 :autophagy related : autophagy proteins (Beclin-1, Atg4B, Atg5, and Atg12) are proviral factors required for translation of incoming HCV RNA and for initiation of HCV replication Dreux et al, 2009 interacts with NS5B Guévin et al, 2010
  70. ATG7 ATG7 autophagy related 7 homolog (S. cerevisiae) knockdown decreases release of viral particles Tanida et al, 2009
  71. ATG12 autophagy related 12: autophagy related : autophagy proteins (Beclin-1, Atg4B, Atg5, and Atg12) are proviral factors required for translation of incoming HCV RNA and for initiation of HCV replication Dreux et al, 2009
  72. ATM ataxia telangiectasia mutated required for viral RNA replication Ariumi et al, 2008
  73. ATP (adenosine triphosphate): cells involved in viral RNA replication consume ATP reducing cytoplasmic ATP levels Ando et al, 2012
  74. ATP10D ATPase, class V, type 10D : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  75. ATP11A ATPase, class VI, type 11A : siRNA knockdown increases infection Li et al, 2009
  76. ATP6V0A1 A TPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit a1: mediator of HCV clathrin-dependent endocytosis (siRNA study) Coller et al, 2009
  77. ATXN2 – ataxin 2: stress granule component distributed to the HCV production factory Ariumi et al, 2011
  78. AXIN1 Axin 1 interacts with NS5A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  79. AZGP1 alpha-2-glycoprotein 1, zinc-binding interacts with F protein Huang et al, 2005
  80. BAX BCL2-associated X protein: HCV infection induces apoptosis of the host cell through a Bax-triggered, mitochondrion-mediated, caspase 3-dependent pathway in in Huh7.5 cells Deng et al, 2008
  81. BAD BCL2-associated agonist of cell death: The core protein releases cytochrome c from isolated mitochondria when complemented with Bad Mohd-Ismail et al, 2009
  82. BAGE2: B melanoma antigen family, member 2: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  83. B2M beta-2-microglobulin interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  84. BAX BCL2-associated X protein interacts with NS5A Chung et al, 2003
  85. BCAN Brevican interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  86. BCAR1 breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 1 interacts with CORE protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  87. BCKDHA: branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1, alpha polypeptide: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
    BCKDK branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  88. BCL2A1 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  89. BCL6 B-cell CLL/lymphoma 6 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  90. BECN1 beclin-1 knockdown decreases release of viral particles Tanida et al, 2009 autophagy related : autophagy proteins (Beclin-1, Atg4B, Atg5, and Atg12) are proviral factors required for translation of incoming HCV RNA and for initiation of HCV replication Dreux et al, 2009
  91. BEND5 BEN domain containing 5 (C1orf165) interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  92. BEND7 BEN domain containing 7 (C10orf30) interacts with NS5A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  93. BID BH3 interacting domain death agonist Calpains activated by HCV proteins degrade Bid Simonin et al, 2009
  94. BIK BCL2-interacting killer (apoptosis-inducing): BIK is essential for HCV replication and NS5B induces BIK expression in hepatocytes Aweya et al, 2015.
  95. BIN1 bridging integrator 1 interacts with NS5A protein Zech et al, 2003
  96. BMP7 bone morphogenetic protein 7 suppresses viral replication Sakamoto et al, 2007
  97. BRF1: BRF1 homolog, subunit of RNA polymerase III transcription initiation factor IIB: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  98. BROX BRO1 domain and CAAX motif containing knockdown suppressees infectivity Ariumi et al, 2011
  99. BRUNOL6: bruno-like 6, RNA binding protein (Drosophila): siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  100. BST2 bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 : Restricts viral production Amet et al, 2013
  101. BZRAP1 benzodiazapine receptor (peripheral) associated protein 1 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  102. C1orf94 chromosome 1 open reading frame 94 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  103. C1QBP complement component 1, q subcomponent binding protein interacts with CORE protein Kittlesen et al, 2000
  104. C3 complement component 3: The NS5A protein downregulates C3 promoter activity Mazumdar et al, 2011
  105. C4A complement component 4A (Rodgers blood group) : Gamma chain cleaved by the viral NS3/4A Protease Mawatari et al, 2013
  106. C7 complement component 7 interacts with NS2 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  107. C7orf41 chromosome 7 open reading frame 41: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  108. C9orf30 chromosome 9 open reading frame 30 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  109. C9orf125 chromosome 9 open reading frame 125: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  110. C10orf18 chromosome 10 open reading frame 18 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  111. C10orf112: chromosome 10 open reading frame 112: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  112. C12orf41 chromosome 12 open reading frame 41 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  113. C14orf166 chromosome 14 open reading frame 166 interacts with core protein Lee et al, 2011
  114. C16orf7 chromosome 16 open reading frame 7 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  115. C16orf59 chromosome 16 open reading frame 59 : siRNA knockdown increases infection Li et al, 2009
  116. C19orf44: chromosome 19 open reading frame 44: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  117. C19orf66 chromosome 19 open reading frame 66 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  118. C20orf20: chromosome 20 open reading frame 20: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  119. C21orf56: chromosome 21 open reading frame 56: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  120. CACNA1F calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1F subunit : siRNA knockdown increases infection Li et al, 2009
  121. CADM2 cell adhesion molecule 2: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  122. CADPS Ca++-dependent secretion activator interacts with NS5A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  123. CADPS2 Ca++-dependent secretion activator 2 interacts with NS5A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  124. CALCOCO2 calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  125. CALR calreticulin binds to E1, E2 De Chassey et al, 2008
  126. CAMTA2: calmodulin binding transcription activator 2: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  127. CANX calnexin binds to E1, E2 De Chassey et al, 2008
  128. CAPN1 Calpain activated by NS5A Simonin et al, 2009
  129. CASP3 caspase 3: involved in the apoptosis pathway triggered by infection Deng et al, 2008
  130. CASP4: caspase 4, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  131. CASP6 caspase 6 cleaves NS5A Kalamvoki et al, 2006
  132. CASP7 activated by HCV in human hepatocytes Zhu et al, 2017
  133. CASP9 caspase 9: Core-expressing apoptotic cells indicated a significant increase in the level of Apaf-1, which coincides with caspase-9 activation Meyer et al, 2005
  134. CBL Cas-Br-M (murine) ecotropic retroviral transforming sequence mediator of HCV clathrin-dependent endocytosis (siRNA study) Coller et al, 2009
  135. CBY1 chibby homolog 1 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  136. CCDC8: coiled-coil domain containing 8 (CCDC21) : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  137. CD2AP CD2-associated protein: interacts with the viral NS5A protein and a candidate for a role in NS5A-mediated perturbation of EGFR trafficking Igloi et al, 2015
  138. CD36 co-receptor for hepatitis C virus E1 protein attachment Cheng et al, 2016.
  139. CEP85 centrosomal protein 85kDa interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  140. CCDC37 coiled-coil domain containing 37 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  141. CCDC66 coiled-coil domain containing 66 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  142. CCDC86 coiled-coil domain containing 86 (ex MGC2574) interacts with NS5A protein Ahn et al, 2004
  143. CCHCR1 coiled-coil alpha-helical rod protein 1 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  144. CCL2 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (MCP-1) core and NS5A increase promoter activities of MCP-1 and RANTES Soo et al, 2002
  145. CCL3 Chemokines secreted by infected hepatocytes are mainly associated with the T-helper cell response and include CCL3 (macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha), CCL4 (MIP-1 beta), CCL5 (RANTES), CXCL10 (interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10; IP-10), CXCL11 (interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant; I-TAC), and CXCL9 (monokine induced by interferon gamma; Mig) which recruit T cells expressing either CCR5 or CXCR3 chemokine receptors Larubia et al, 2008
  146. CCL4 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4: See Larubia et al, 2008
  147. CCL5 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (RANTES) E2 binding to CD81 increases CCL5 release and promotes CCR5 internalisation Natterman et al, 2004 See Larubia et al, 2008
  148. CCL17 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17: The virus induces expression of CCL17 and CCL22, attracting T cells to infection sites Riezu-Boj et al, 2011
  149. CCL20 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20: chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 : Expression reduced by the CORE protein in hepatocytes Nguyen et al, 2006
  150. CCL21 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22 : Modifies lymphocyte recruitment in infection Bonacchi et al,2003 Expression of CCL21 in lymphoid areas and CCR7 in T lymphocytes up-regulated in infected patients Bonacchi et al, 2003
  151. CCL22 The virus induces expression of CCL17 and CCL22, attracting T cells to infection sites Riezu-Boj et al, 2011
  152. CCL26 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 26: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  153. CCNA2 cyclin A2: Interacts with NS5B Pham et al, 2012
  154. CCNB2: cyclin B2: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  155. CCNG1 cyclin G1: Regulates viral replication Hou et al, 2012
  156. CCNH Cyclin H interacts with CORE protein Ohkawa et al, 2004
  157. CCPG1: cell cycle progression 1: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  158. CCR1 chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 1 : Blood mRNA levels of CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, and CCR5 in patients with minimal histological manifestations of chronic HCV-infection lower than in patients with more marked lesions Zhdanov et al, 2008
  159. CCR2 chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 the G190A polymorphism in the first transmembrane domain of CCR2 was under-represented in patients who had cleared the hepatitis C virus spontaneously Mascheretti et al, 2004 see also Zhdanov et al, 2008
  160. CCR3 chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 3: Involved in immune responses to infection Prezzi et al, 2001 See also Zhdanov et al, 2008
  161. CCR5 chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5: E2 binding to CD81 increases CCL5 release and promotes CCR5 internalisation Natterman et al, 2004
  162. CCR7 chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 7: expression of CCL21 in lymphoid areas and CCR7 in T lymphocytes up-regulated in infected patients Bonacchi et al, 2003
  163. CCT5 chaperonin containing TCP1, subunit 5 (epsilon) binds to NS5B Inoue et al, 2011
  164. CD1A HCV core andNS3 proteins inhibit the expression of CD1A, CD1B and DC-SIGN (CD209) during monocyte differentiation to dendritic cells ,and increase macrophage markers (CD14 and HLA-DR) and PD-L1 (CD274) expression Tu et al, 2012
  165. CD1B see Tu et al, 2012
  166. CD14 monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 see Tu et al, 2012
  167. CD33 CD33 molecule (SIGLEC family) CD33(+) mononuclear cells co-cultured with HCV-infected hepatocytes, or with the core protein, suppress autologous T cell responses.Tacke et al, 2011: In hepatitis infected livers, Kupffer cell/macrophage activation is indicated by increased CD163 and CD33 expression Dolganiuc et al, 2007.
  168. CD40 TNF receptor superfamily member 5: CD40 and its ligand CD40LG inhibit viral replication Rau et al, 2013
  169. CD44 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group): Involved, with TLR2 in the induction of chemokine IP10 (CXCL10) by infection Abe et al, 2012
  170. CD55 CD55 molecule, decay accelerating factor for complement (Cromer blood group) : Transgenic mice conditionally expressing the HCV core protein develop inflammation, steatosis, and fibrosis which are reduced by administration of CD55 Chang et al, 2009
  171. CD59 complement regulatory protein: incorporated into the virion Amet et al, 2011
  172. CD63 interacts with HCV E2 protein.Park et al, 2013
  173. CD81 entry receptor Farquhar et al 2011
  174. CD86 molecule: HCV viremia increases CD86 expression on myeloid dendritic cells Malta et al, 2013.
  175. CD93 ( C1q receptor 1): C1qR antagonism blocks HCV core-induced PDCD1 upregulation and IL12 suppression Zhang et al, 2011
  176. CD5L CD5 molecule-like interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  177. CD68 interacts with CORE protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  178. CD209 (DC-SIGN) binds to E1, E2 De Chassey et al, 2008
  179. CD274 The virus acts as a ligand for TLR2 on human Kuppfer cells , which then secrete interleukin IL1B , TNF-alpha (TNF) , and IL10 and up-regulate cell surface CD274 : (PD-L1) Tu et al, 2010.
  180. CDCA3 cell division cycle associated 3: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  181. CDC6: cell division cycle 6 homolog (S. cerevisiae): siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  182. CDC23 cell division cycle 23, yeast, homolog: interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  183. CDC42 mediator of HCV clathrin-dependent endocytosis (siRNA study) Coller et al, 2009
  184. CDH1: cadherin 1, type 1, E-cadherin (epithelial): siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  185. CDK1 cyclin-dependent kinase 1: interacts with NS5A protein Arima et al, 2001
  186. CDK5R1 cyclin-dependent kinase 5, regulatory subunit 1 (p35) binds to the viral genome Luo, 1999
  187. CDK6 cyclin-dependent kinase 6: interacts with NS5A protein Randall et al, 2007
  188. CDKL5: cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  189. CDKN1A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21, Cip1): interacts with CORE protein Wang et al, 2000
  190. CDKN1B cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27, Kip1): The CORE protein stabilises p27(Kip1) which inhibits T cell proliferation Yao et al, 2003.
  191. CDKN2A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A: Core protein down-regulates CDKN2A (p16) levels of p16, resulting in inactivation of RB1 and subsequent activation of E2F1, an effect mediated via up-regulation of DNA methyltransferases DNMT1 and DNMT3B in hepatoctes Park et al, 2011
  192. CELA3A chymotrypsin-like elastase family, member 3A: binds to core protein Zhang et al, 2009
  193. CELSR2 cadherin, EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 2 (flamingo homolog, Drosophila): interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  194. CENPC1 centromere protein C 1: interacts with NS5A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  195. CEP120 centrosomal protein 120kDa: interacts with NS5A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  196. CEP152 centrosomal protein 152kDa : interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  197. CEP192 centrosomal protein 192kDa: interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  198. CEP250 centrosomal protein 250kDa: binds to NS5A, NS5B De Chassey et al, 2008
  199. CEP57 centrosomal protein 57kDa: interacts with NS5A protein Ahn et al, 2004
  200. CEP63 centrosomal protein 63kDa: interacts with NS5A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  201. CEP68 centrosomal protein 68kDa: interacts with NS5B protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  202. CFL1 interacts with CORE protein Kang et al, 2005
  203. CFP cofilin 1 (non-muscle) : interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  204. CH25H cholesterol 25-hydroxylase: 25-hydroxycholesterol and its synthesizing enzyme CH25H inhibit HCV infection at a post-entry stage via suppressing the maturation of transcription factor SREBPs that regulate lipid biosynthesis Xiang et al, 2015.
  205. CHKA: choline kinase alpha: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  206. CHMP4B charged multivesicular body protein 4B: binds to CORE protein Ariumi et al, 2011
  207. CHPF chondroitin polymerizing factor: interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  208. CHEK2 CHK2 checkpoint homolog (S. pombe): required for viral RNA replication Ariumi et al, 2008
  209. CHUK conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase interacts with NS5B protein Choi et al, 2006 . siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  210. CIDEB cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector b: interacts with NS2 protein Erdtmann et al, 2003
  211. CINP cyclin-dependent kinase 2 interacting protein: binds to NS5B Wang et al, 2011
  212. CISH: cytokine inducible SH2-containing protein: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  213. CKS1B CDC28 protein kinase regulatory subunit 1B: Expression suppresses HCV infection Lee et al, 2014.
  214. CLDN1 Claudin entry receptor Evans et al, 2007 . siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  215. CLDN6 Claudin entry receptor Zheng et al, 2009
  216. CLDN9 Claudin entry receptor Zheng et al, 2009
  217. CLEC4A C-type lectin domain family 4, member A: Receptor for glycoprotein E2 Florentin et al, 2012
  218. CLEC4C C-type lectin domain family 4, member C: Receptor for glycoprotein E2 Florentin et al, 2012
  219. CLEC4M C-type lectin domain family 4, member M interacts with E1 and E2 proteins Pöhlmann et al, 2003
  220. CLPS Colipase binds to core protein Zhang et al, 2009
  221. CLSTN1: calsyntenin 1: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  222. CLTB mediator of HCV clathrin-dependent endocytosis (siRNA study) Coller et al, 2009
  223. CLTCL1 mediator of HCV clathrin-dependent endocytosis (siRNA study) Coller et al, 2009
  224. CLU clusterin (APOJ)): stabilizes core and NS5A to promote infectious hepatitis C virus virion production Lin et al, 2014
  225. CNDP1 – carnosine dipeptidase 1 (metallopeptidase M20 family): Component of the viral replication complex Park et al, 2013
  226. CNOT1: CCR4-NOT transcription complex, subunit 1: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  227. CNOT2: CCR4-NOT transcription complex, subunit 2 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  228. CNOT3: CCR4-NOT transcription complex, subunit 3: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  229. CNOT6L: CCR4-NOT transcription complex, subunit 6-like: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  230. CNR1 cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain) : Reduced CNR1 signalling inhibits HCV replication using either pharmacological inhibitors or RNA silencing Shahidi et al, 2014
  231. COL4A2 interacts with CORE protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  232. COL4A3BP collagen, type IV, alpha 3 (Goodpasture antigen) binding protein (also functions as a ceramide transfer protein) Controls viral secretion from the Golgi Bishé et al, 2012
  233. CORO1B interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  234. COTL1 coactosin-like 1 (Dictyostelium): siRNA knockdown increases infection Li et al, 2009
  235. COX3 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  236. CPA1 carboxypeptidase binds to core protein Zhang et al, 2009
  237. CPB1 carboxypeptidase binds to core protein Zhang et al, 2009
  238. CR1 complement component (3b/4b) receptor 1 (Knops blood group) :plays a general role in the clearance of antibody bound pathogens: expression of erythrocyte CR1 is related to immune complex quantity and the severity of liver disease in hepatitis C virus infection Kanto et al, 1996. Also part of a viral receptor complex on B cells Wang et al, 2016
  239. CR2 complement C3d receptor 2 : Complement system: Involved in the association of the virus to B cells. complement proteins C1, C2, and C3 , and to a lesser extent C4 are required to activate this binding. The binding complex mainly involved CR2 (complement receptor 2), CD19, CD20 = MS4A1, and CD81; CR1 was involved but had lower binding activity Wang et al, 2016.
  240. CRABP1 cellular retinoic acid binding protein I: interacts with NS5A protein Ahn et al, 2004
  241. CREBBP CREB binding protein: interacts with CORE protein Gómez-Gonzalo et al, 2004
  242. CREB3 binds to NS4A, p7 De Chassey et al, 2008
  243. CREB3L1 activated in response to infection Denard et al, 2011
  244. CRISP3 cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 : inhibits hepatitis C virus at the initial phase of infection. Lee et al, 2014
  245. CRTC2 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2: activated by NS5A George et al, 2011
  246. CRY2 cryptochrome 2 (photolyase-like): expression decreased by infection in Huh-7 cells Benegiamo et al, 2013
  247. CSDE1 cold shock domain containing E1, RNA-binding: binds to internal ribosomal entry site.Lu et al, 2004
  248. CSF3R colony stimulating factor 3 receptor (granulocyte): siRNA knockdown increases infection Li et al, 2009
  249. CSGALNACT1 chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase : cajanine inhibits HCV replications via down-regulating CSGALNACT1 Ji et al, 2016
  250. CSK interacts with NS5A protein Mazumi et al, 2005
  251. CSNL1A1 Casein kinase 1, alpha 1 phosphorylates NS5A Quintavalle et al, 2007
  252. CSNK1A1L: casein kinase 1, alpha 1-like: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  253. CSNK2A1 casein kinase 2, alpha 1 polypeptide phosphorylates NS5A Del Pero et al, 2007
  254. CSNK2B casein kinase 2, beta polypeptide interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  255. CTGF connective tissue growth factor interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  256. CTAGE6: CTAGE family, member 6: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  257. CTGF: connective tissue growth factor: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  258. CTNNB1 catenin (cadherin-associated protein), beta 1, 88kDa: beta-Catenin-mediated transcriptional activity is elevated by NS5A protein Park et al, 2009
  259. CTRB1 chymotrypsinogen B1 binds to core protein Zhang et al, 2009
  260. CTRC chymotrypsin C (caldecrin) binds to core protein Zhang et al, 2009
  261. CTSF: cathepsin F: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  262. CTSB cathepsin B interacts with F protein Huang et al, 2005
  263. CTSS cathepsin S: inhibited by infection Kim et al, 2012
  264. CXCL2 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2: HCV activates NFKB1 in hepatocytes and upregulates MCP-1 and CXCL2 Guitart et al, 2005
  265. CXCL9 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9: See Larubia et al, 2008
  266. CXCL10 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 : See Larubia et al, 2008
  267. CXCL11 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 11: See Larubia et al, 2008
  268. CXCL12 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12: CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 involved in the recruitment of immune cells during infection Wald et al, 2004
  269. CXCL13 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 (B-cell-attracting chemokine ): Upregulated in infection Sansonno et al, 2008
  270. CX3CL1: chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (Fractalkine) : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  271. CXCR3 chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3: See Larubia et al, 2008
  272. CXCR4 CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 involved in the recruitment of immune cells during infection Wald et al, 2004
  273. CXorf22 chromosome X open reading frame 22: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  274. CYBA: cytochrome b-245, alpha polypeptide: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  275. CYCS cytochrome c, somatic: mitochondrial cytochrome C released by BAX activation by the virus Deng et al, 2008
  276. CYP1A1 cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1(aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase): NS5A suppresses CYP1A1 protein and enzyme activity induced by the arylhydrocarbon receptor (AHR) ligand, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Anderson et al, 2006
  277. CYP2A6 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily A, polypeptide 6 (coumarin 7-hydroxylase): Molecular mimicry by a viral protein and autoantibody in viral hepatitis Kammer et al, 1999
  278. CYP2A7 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily A, polypeptide 7: Molecular mimicry by a viral protein and autoantibody in viral hepatitis Kammer et al, 1999
  279. CYP2D6 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily D, polypeptide 6: Molecular mimicry by a viral protein and autoantibody in viral hepatitis Dalekos et al, 1999
  280. CYP2E1 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily E, polypeptide 1 Molecular mimicry by a viral protein and autoantibody in viral hepatitis Rigamonti et al, 2009
  281. CYP4A22: cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily A, polypeptide 22: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  282. DACT3: dapper, antagonist of beta-catenin, homolog 3 (Xenopus laevis): siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  283. DBNDD1: dysbindin (dystrobrevin binding protein 1) domain containing 1: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  284. DCAF6 DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 6 (ex IQWD1) : interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  285. DDB1 damage-specific DNA binding protein 1, 127kDa: substrate of NS3/4A protease required for viral replication
  286. DDIT3 DNA-damage-inducible transcript 3 (CHOP) promoter activated by NS2 von dem Bussche et al, 2010
  287. DDOST dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  288. DDX3X DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 3, X-linked interacts with core protein Sun et al, 2010 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  289. DDX3Y DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 3, Y-linked interacts with CORE protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  290. DDX5 DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 5 binds to CORE, NS5B De Chassey et al, 2008
  291. DDX6 DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 6 (RCK/p54) regulates viral translation Scheller et al, 2009
  292. DDX25 – DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box helicase 25: Component of the viral replication complex Park et al, 2013
  293. DDX58 (RIG-1 viral DNA sensor) binds to the polyuridine motif of the HCV genome 3' non-translated region Saito et al, 2008
  294. DDX60L DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 60-like: inhibits viral replication Grünvogel et al, 2015
  295. DEAF1 deformed epidermal autoregulatory factor 1 (Drosophila) interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  296. DEFA5: defensin, alpha 5, Paneth cell-specific : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  297. DEFB126: defensin, beta 126DEFB126: defensin, beta 126: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  298. DES Desmin interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  299. DGAT1 diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 required for viral particle formation Herker et al, 2010 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  300. DHCR7 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase: knockout or inhibition reduces steady-state HCV protein expression and viral genomic RNA Rodgers et al, 2012.
  301. DHCR24 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase (seladin) an antibody to DHCR24 has antiviral activity both in vitro and in vivo in mice Satoh et al, 2011 : Upregulated by infection: Saito et al, 2012
  302. DHRS12: dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 12: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  303. DHX9 DEAH (Asp-Glu-Ala-His) box polypeptide 9: RNA helicase A involved in viral RNA replication Isken et al, 2007
  304. DICER1 dicer 1, ribonuclease type III interacts with CORE protein Wang et al, 2006
  305. DIO3: deiodinase, iodothyronine, type III: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  306. DLAT dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  307. DLG1 – discs, large homolog 1 : The HCV core protein, expressed in Huh7 and MDCK cells, disrupted apicobasal polarity and decreased the expression of the polarity protein Dlg1 and the PI phosphatase INPPL1 Awad et al, 2013
  308. DLGAP4: discs, large (Drosophila) homolog-associated protein 4: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 200
  309. DNAJA3 DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily A, member 3 interacts with NS5A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  310. DNAJB1: DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 1: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 200
  311. DNM2 dynamin complexes with occludin and plays a role in HCV entry Liu et al, 2010
  312. DNMT1 DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1: and DNMT3B DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 3 beta: Knockdown inhibits replication in Huh7.5.1 cells Chen et al, 2013
  313. DOCK3: dedicator of cytokinesis 3: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 200
  314. DOCK7 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  315. DPF1 D4, zinc and double PHD fingers family 1 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  316. DPP7 dipeptidyl-peptidase 7 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  317. DUSP1 dual specificity phosphatase 1 : Suppression inhibits hepatitis C virus replication Choi et al, 2015.
  318. E2F2: E2F transcription factor 2: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 200
  319. ECI1 (aka DDI) enoyl-CoA delta isomerase 1 Required for viral replication Rasmussen et al, 2011
  320. EDEM1 ER degradation enhancer, mannosidase alpha-like 1: EDEM1 and EDEM3 increase the ubiquitylation of HCV envelope proteins via physical interaction. EDEM1/EDEM3 knockdown increases the half-life of the HCV E2 protein Saeed et al, 2011
  321. EDEM3 ER degradation enhancer, mannosidase alpha-like 3 ""
  322. EEF1A1 eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1: interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  323. EFEMP1 EGF containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1 binds to NS3, NS5A De Chassey et al, 2008
  324. EFEMP2 EGF containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 2: interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  325. EFTUD2 elongation factor Tu GTP binding domain containing 2: exerts antiviral activity via its downstream regulators RIG-I and MDA5 by gene splicing to activate IRF3 Zhu et al, 2015
  326. EGFL7 EGF-like-domain, multiple 7 interacts with CORE protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  327. EGF epidermal growth factor : IL1A , EGF, and HGF suppress the antiviral activity of interferons in primary monkey hepatic cells Takahara et al, 1999
  328. EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor entry receptor Lupberger et al, 2011
  329. EGR1 early growth response 1 activated by CORE protein Lee et al, 2001
  330. EIF1 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  331. EIF2AK2 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 2 (PKR) binds to E2, NS5A De Chassey et al, 2008
  332. EIF2AK3 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 (PERK) interacts with E2 protein Pavio et al, 2003
  333. EIF2B3 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B, subunit 3 gamma, 58kDa: RNA silencing (EIF2B3, SSB or VAPA) inhibits the replication and expression of HCV in Huh7 cells Wang et al, 2012
  334. EIF2C1 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2C, (argonaute AGO1) The virus uses host cellular RNAi machinery, including miRNA-122, Ago1-4, and Dicer proteins for replication and viral genome translation in Huh7 cells Berezhna et al, 2011
  335. EIF2C2 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2C, 2"" AGO2 Berezhna et al, 2011
  336. EIF2C3 ukaryotic translation initiation factor 2C, 2 AGO3 "" Berezhna et al, 2011
  337. EIF2C4 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2C, 4 AGO4 "" Berezhna et al, 2011
  338. EIF2S1 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2, subunit 1 alpha, 35kDa, binds to ires Kim et al, 2011
  339. EIF3A: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit A: EIF3 binds to ires and is involved in viral RNA translation Cai et al, 2010 : EIF3 is a 13 subunit complex Zhou et al 2008 consisting of:- EIF3A EIF3B EIF3C EIF3D EIF3E EIF3F EIF3G EIF3H EIF3I EIF3J EIF3K EIF3L EIF3M
  340. EIF4A2 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A2 interacts with NS5B protein Kyono et al, 2002
  341. EIF4E eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E: Phosphorylated by NS5A George et al, 2011
  342. EIF4EBP1 overexpression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 increases cap-independent viral translation and viral RNA abundance Ishida et al, 2007
  343. EIF4ENIF1 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E nuclear import factor 1 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  344. EIF4G Phosphorylated by NS5A George et al, 2011
  345. EIF5B eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5B binds to ires Terenin et al, 2008
  346. ELAC2 elaC homolog 2 (E. coli) interacts with NS4A De Chassey et al, 2008
  347. ELAVL1 ELAV (embryonic lethal, abnormal vision, Drosophila)-like 1 (Hu antigen R) binds to viral RNA Spångberg et al, 2000 siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  348. EMID2 EMI domain containing 2 : siRNA knockdown increases infection Li et al, 2009
  349. ENO1 enolase 1, (alpha) interactes with core protein Tripathi et al, 2010
  350. EPHA2 ephrin type-A receptor 2 entry receptor Lupberger et al, 2011
  351. EPN1 epsin 1 mediator of HCV clathrin-dependent endocytosis (siRNA study) Coller et al, 2009
  352. EPN3 epsin 3 mediator of HCV clathrin-dependent endocytosis (siRNA study) Coller et al, 2009
  353. EPS15 epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 15 mediator of HCV clathrin-dependent endocytosis (siRNA study) Meertens et al, 2006
  354. EP300 E1A binding protein p300 interacts with CORE protein Gómez-Gonzalo et al, 2004
  355. ERBB2 v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2, neuro/glioblastoma derived oncogene homolog (avian): involved in the carcinogenic effects of the viral non-structural protein NS3P Bahnassi et al, 2005
  356. ERC1 ELKS/RAB6-interacting/CAST family member 1 interacts with NS3 protein Hidajat et al, 2005
  357. ERC2: ELKS/RAB6-interacting/CAST family member 2: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  358. ERCC5: excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 5 (xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group G (Cockayne syndrome)): siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  359. ERN1 endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1 NS4B induces activating transcription factor (ATF6) and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (ERN1) resulting in XBP1 splicing Zheng et al, 2005
  360. Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) Machinery interactions: Diverse viral proteins bind to CHMP1A CHMP4B HGS SLC9A6 VPS4A Barouch-Bentov et al, 2016
  361. ESR1 Estrogen receptor alpha: Binds to NS5B Hillung et al, 2011
    1. 17ß-estradiol inhibits the production of infectious viral particles Hayashida et al, 2010
  362. ETF1: eukaryotic translation termination factor 1: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  363. Ethanol increases HCV replication via upregulation of TNRC6A and HSP90 in human hepatoma cells Bukong et al, 2012
  364. EWSR1 Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 binds to internal ribosomal entry site.Lu et al, 2004 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  365. EXOC3L4 exocyst complex component 3-like 4 (C14orf173) interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  366. EZR – ezrin: HCV E2 protein induces rapid ezrin phosphorylation and its cellular redistribution with F-actin via spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK): Bukong et al, 2013
  367. FADD Fas (TNFRSF6)-associated via death domain interacts with CORE protein Zhu et al, 2001
  368. FAM120B family with sequence similarity 120B interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  369. FAM65A family with sequence similarity 65, member A interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  370. FAM116A family with sequence similarity 116, member A: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  371. FAM178A (C10orf6) family with sequence similarity 178, member A interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  372. FAM206A family with sequence similarity 206, member A (C9orf6) interacts with NS5A protein Ahn et al, 2004
  373. FAS Fas (TNF receptor superfamily, member 6) interacts with CORE protein Moorman et al, 2003
  374. FASN fatty acid synthase: HCV-induced production of fatty acids and neutral lipids is provided by an increase in FASN abundance and activity, allow HCV propagation without transporting FASN to the replication complexes Nasheri et al, 2013.
  375. FAU: Finkel-Biskis-Reilly murine sarcoma virus (FBR-MuSV) ubiquitously expressed (fox derived); ribosomal protein S30: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  376. FBF1 Fas (TNFRSF6) binding factor 1 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  377. FBL2 F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 2 interacts with NS5A protein Wang et al, 2005
  378. FBLN1 fibulin 1 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  379. FBLN2 Fibulin 2 CORE, NS3, p7 De Chassey et al, 2008
  380. FBLN5 Fibulin 5 Interacts with CORE, NS2 and NS3 De Chassey et al, 2008: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  381. FBN1 fibrillin 1 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  382. FBN3 fibrillin 3 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  383. FBXL2 F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 2 interacts with NS5A and NS5B De Chassey et al, 2008
  384. FBXO38: F-box protein 38: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  385. FES feline sarcoma oncogene interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  386. FGB fibrinogen beta chain interacts with CORE protein Ait-Goughoulte et al, 2010
  387. FCGRT: Fc fragment of IgG, receptor, transporter, alpha: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  388. FCN2 ficolin (collagen/fibrinogen domain containing lectin) 2: neutralized and inhibited initial attachment and infection of HCV by binding to the HCV envelope surface glycoproteins E1 and E2 Zhao et al, 2014
  389. FER1L3: fer-1-like 3, myoferlin (C. elegans): siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  390. FHL2 four and a half LIM domains 2 interacts with NS5A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  391. FHOD1 binds to internal ribosomal entry site.Lu et al, 2004
  392. FIG4 FIG4 phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase: Binds to viral particles Cottarel et al, 2015
  393. FIGNL1 fidgetin-like 1interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  394. FKBP7 FK506 binding protein 7 interacts with CORE protein Kang et al, 2005
  395. FKBP8 FK506 binding protein 8, 38kDa binds to NS5A resulting in mTOR activation Peng et al, 2010
  396. FKBP38 FK506 binding protein 8, 38kDa binds to NS5A Wang et al, 2006
  397. FLAD1 FAD1 flavin adenine dinucleotide synthetase homolog interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  398. FLJ22659: hypothetical protein FLJ22659: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  399. FLNA Filamin A alpha associates with NS3A and NS5A Ghosh et al, 2011
  400. FLT4: fms-related tyrosine kinase 4: 0
  401. FMNL1 formin-like 1 interacts with p7 protein Huang et al, 2005
  402. FN1 fibronectin 1 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 200
  403. FOS FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog (c-fos) Regulates viral propagation Kang et al, 2011
  404. FOXA2 forkhead box A2: HCV infection of human hepatocytes blocks insulin-induced FoxO1 translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and reduces accumulation of FoxA2 in the nucleus Banerjee et al, 2010 siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  405. FOXE3 forkhead box E3: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  406. FOXO1 forkhead box O1: HCV infection of human hepatocytes blocks insulin-induced FoxO1 translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and reduces accumulation of FoxA2 in the nucleus Banerjee et al, 2010
  407. FRMPD3: FERM and PDZ domain containing 3: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  408. FRMPD4 FERM and PDZ domain containing 4 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  409. FRS3 fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 3: interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  410. FDFT1 farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1: knockdown impairs HCV replication in subgenomic replicon and HCV cell culture derived infected cells Park et al, 2014
  411. FTH1 ferritin, heavy polypeptide 1 interacts with NS3, NS5A De Chassey et al, 2008
  412. FUBP1 far upstream element (FUSE) binding protein 1: promotes HCV replication by inhibiting p53, and regulating BCCIP and TCT Dixit et al, 2015
  413. FUCA2 fucosidase, alpha-L- 2, plasma interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  414. FUNDC2 FUN14 domain containing 2 interacts with CORE protein 12665903
  415. FXYD6 FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 6 interacts with p7 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  416. FYN fyn FYN oncogene related to SRC, FGR, YES interacts with NS5A protein MacDonald et al, 2005
  417. G3BP1 GTPase activating protein (SH3 domain) binding protein 1 binds to NS5B Yi et al, 2006
  418. GAA glucosidase, alpha; acid interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  419. GAB1 GRB2-associated binding protein 1: Complexes with NS5A He et al, 2002
  420. GAK cyclin G associated kinase: AAK1 and GAK regulate HCV assembly by stimulating binding of the µ subunit of AP-2, AP2M1, to HCV core protein Neveu et al, 2014 .
  421. GAPDH glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase interacts with CORE protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  422. GBF1 golgi brefeldin A resistant guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1: Supports viral replication Zhang et al, 2012
  423. GBP1 guanylate binding protein 1, interferon-inducible siRNA knockdown increases replication Itsui et al, 2006
  424. GBP2 guanylate binding protein 2, interferon-inducible interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  425. GCAT glycine C-acetyltransferase : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  426. GEMIN5 gem (nuclear organelle) associated protein 5 binds to ires Pacheco et al, 2009
  427. GFAP glial fibrillary acidic protein interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  428. GIN1 gypsy retrotransposon integrase 1 interacts with NS5A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  429. GKN2 gastrokine 2: siRNA knockdown increases infection Li et al, 2009
  430. GLUT4 solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4: involved in the early steps of HCV infection Park et al, 2013
  431. GNB2 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 2: interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  432. GNB2L1: guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 2-like 1: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  433. GNG8: guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 8: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  434. GOLGA2 golgin A2 interacts with NS5A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  435. GOLM1 golgi membrane protein 1 (GP73) : Cellular viral production enhanced when GOLM1 was overexpressed, and inhibited by GOLM1 silencing Hu et al, 2014
  436. GOLPH3 golgi phosphoprotein 3 (coat-protein): Silencing GOLPH3 or MYO18A reduces HCV virion secretion Bishé et al, 2012
  437. GON4L gon-4-like interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  438. GPS2 G protein pathway suppressor 2: interacts with NS5A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  439. GPSN2: glycoprotein, synaptic 2: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  440. GPX4 glutathione peroxidase 4: reversibly induced by HCV to control lipid peroxidation and to increase virion infectivity Brault et al, 2014.
  441. GRB2 growth factor receptor-bound protein 2: interacts with NS5A protein MacDonald et al, 2005
  442. GRN granulin interacts with CORE protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  443. GSK3A glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha interacts with NS5A protein Randall et al, 2007
  444. GSK3B glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta interacts with NS5A protein Randall et al, 2007
  445. GTF3A: general transcription factor IIIA: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  446. GUCY1A2: guanylate cyclase 1, soluble, alpha 2: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  447. H19 H19, imprinted maternally expressed transcript (non-protein coding) interacts with p7 protein Huang et al, 2005
  448. HAMP hepcidin antimicrobial peptide : HCV core protein up-regulates HAMP gene transcription via a complex signaling network that requires both SMAD/BMP and STAT3 pathways and CK2 involvement Foka et al, 2014.
  449. HAO1 hydroxyacid oxidase (glycolate oxidase) 1 interacts with NS5B protein Lan et al, 2003
  450. HAX1 HCLS1 associated protein X-1 binds to CORE protein Bannerjee et al, 2009
  451. HBEGF heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor: The CORE protein activates Akt1 via the Ras/PI(3)K pathway by autocrine secretion of HBEGF. Nakamura et al, 2011
  452. RSF1 remodeling and spacing factor 1 (HBXAP) interacts with CORE protein Chen et al, 2003
  453. HCCS: holocytochrome c synthase (cytochrome c heme-lyase): siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  454. HCK hemopoietic cell kinase interacts with NS5A protein MacDonald et al, 2005
  455. HDDC2 HD domain containing 2 activated by NS5A Yang et al, 2004
  456. HEATR1: HEAT repeat containing 1: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  457. Heparan sulphate required for cellular binding Barth et al, 2003
  458. HGF hepatocyte growth factor (hepapoietin A; scatter factor) : IL1A , EGF, and HGF suppress the antiviral activity of interferons in primary monkey hepatic cells Takahara et al, 1999
  459. HGS hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate mediator of HCV clathrin-dependent endocytosis (siRNA study) Coller et al, 2009
  460. HIF1A hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha subunit: HCV infection increases c-Myc, HIF-1a, PDK1, and PDK3 levels in human liver Jung et al, 2016.
  461. HIP1 huntingtin interacting protein 1 mediator of HCV clathrin-dependent endocytosis (siRNA study) Coller et al, 2009
  462. HIP1R huntingtin interacting protein 1 related mediator of HCV clathrin-dependent endocytosis (siRNA study) Coller et al, 2009
  463. HIPK3: homeodomain interacting protein kinase 3: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  464. HIST1H2BK histone cluster 1, H2bk: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  465. HIST3H2BB histone cluster 3, H2bb interacts with NS3 protein | Borowski et al, 1996
  466. HIST4H4 histone cluster 4, H4 interacts with NS3 protein Borowski et al, 1996
  467. HIVEP2 human immunodeficiency virus type I enhancer binding protein 2 interacts with CORE and NS3 De Chassey et al, 2008
  468. HK2 hexokinase 2: Interacts with NS5A Ramière et al, 2014
  469. HLA-A major histocompatibility complex, class I, A interacts with CORE protein Natterman et al, 2005
    1. HLA-A2 recognises epitopesderived from HCV nonstructural proteins (NS) 3 and 5B (NS3(1406-1415) and NS5B(2594-2602)). Wölk et al, 2012
  470. HLA-E major histocompatibility complex, class I, E interacts with CORE protein Natterman et al, 2005
  471. HM13 histocompatibility (minor) 13 part of a signal peptidase that processes the hepatitis C virus core protein Weihofen et al, 2002
  472. HMGB1 high mobility group box 1 is released from infected cells and blocks infection Jung et al, 2011
  473. Pharmacological epistasis between inhibitors of the sterol synthesis or prenylation pathway which block viral replication Owens et al, 2010 involving HMGCR, FDPS FPPS , SQLS, SQLE, LSS, CYP51A1
  474. HMGCR 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase : Inhibition disrupts viral replication Ye et al, 2003
  475. HMGCS1 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 (soluble) Cestatin inhibits this enzyme and blocks viral replication Peng et al, 2011 Component of the viral replication complex Park et al, 2013
  476. HMGCS2 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (mitochondrial) Cestatin inhibits this enzyme and blocks viral replication Peng et al, 2011
  477. HMOX1 heme oxygenase (decycling) 1: Lucidone suppressesviral replication via Nrf2-mediated (NFE2L2) heme oxygenase-1 induction Chen et al, 2013.
  478. HNRNPC heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (C1/C2) binds to the viral genome Gontarek et al, 1999
  479. HNRNPH1 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 (H) binds to core protein Lee et al, 2011
  480. HNRNPK heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K binds to CORE and NS3 De Chassey et al, 2008 : siRNA knockdown increases infection Li et al, 2009
  481. HNRNPL heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L: interacts with viral 5' terminal untranslated RNA Li et al, 2014
  482. HOMER3 homer homolog 3 (Drosophila) interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  483. HRAS coinfection of at embryo fibroblast cells with HRAS and the core protein became transformed and exhibited rapid proliferation, anchor-independent growth, and tumor formation in athymic nude mice Ray et al, 1996
  484. HRC: histidine rich calcium binding protein: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  485. HSPA1A heat shock 70kDa protein 1A : Interacts with NS5A Lim et al, 2012
  486. HSPA8 heat shock 70kDa protein 8: binds to NS5A: intracellular infectious virion assembly impaired by knockdown Khachatoorian et al, 2014.
  487. PRMT1 protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (ex HRMT1L2) interacts with NS3 protein Rho et al, 2001
  488. HOXB13 homeobox B13: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  489. HOXD8 homeobox D8 interacts with CORE, E2, NS2, NS4A and NS5B De Chassey et al, 2008
  490. HSD17B13: hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 13: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  491. HSPA1A heat shock 70kDa protein 1A (hsp72) interacts with NS5A Chen et al, 2010 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  492. HSPA5 heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa) promoter activated by NS2 von dem Bussche et al, 2010
  493. HSPA12A heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 12A: Viral E2 protein induced production of several heat shock proteins including HSPD1, HSP12A and HSPE1 in human primary thyrocytes Hammerstad et al, 2016
  494. HSPB1 heat shock 27kDa protein 1 (hsp27) binds to NS5A Choi et al, 2004
  495. HSPD1 heat shock 60kDa protein 1 (chaperonin) interacts with CORE protein Kang et al, 2005
  496. HSPE1 heat shock protein family E (Hsp10) member 1 : Viral E2 protein induced production of several heat shock proteins including HSPD1, HSP12A and HSPE1 in human primary thyrocytes Hammerstad et al, 2016
  497. HSP90B1 heat shock protein 90kDa beta (Grp94), member 1: blocks viral induced apoptosis Lee et al, 2008
  498. IDO1 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1: Upregulated by infection in Huh7 liver cells and in infected patients Larrea et al, 2007
  499. IFI6 interferon, alpha-inducible protein 6: siRNA knockdown increases replication Itsui et al, 2006
  500. IFI27 interferon, alpha-inducible protein 27: siRNA knockdown increases replication Itsui et al, 2006
  501. IFIH1 interferon induced with helicase C domain 1 senses viral RNA Qu and Lemon, 2010
  502. IFIT1 interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1: inhibits viral replication Raychoudhuri et al, 2011
  503. IFITM1 interferon induced transmembrane protein 1 (9-27): inhibits viral replication Raychoudhuri et al, 2011
  504. IFITM2 interferon induced transmembrane protein 2: IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3 Inhibit Hepatitis C Virus Entry Narayana et al, 2015 .
  505. IFITM3: interferon induced transmembrane protein 3 (1-8U) : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  506. IFNA1 interferon, alpha 1 : suppresses viral infection via activation of numerous effector genes Fusco et al, 2013
  507. IFNG interferon gamma: Upregulated in natural killer cells by infection Farag et al, 2011
  508. IGF2 insulin-like growth factor 2 (somatomedin A) activated by CORE protein via EGR1 and SP1 Lee et al, 2001
  509. IFNA1 Interferon alpha1: ALG10, BCHE, DPP4, GCKR, GUCY1B3, MYST1, PPP3CB, PDIP1, SLC27A2 enable IFN-a-mediated suppression of the virus in hepatoma cells Fusco et al, 2013
  510. IFNA2 interferon, alpha 2: Polymorphism associated with infection Tena-Tomás et al, 2008
  511. IFNAR1 interferon (alpha, beta and omega) receptor 1: expression necessary for vciral responses to interferon alpha Datta et al, 2011
  512. IFNAR2 interferon (alpha, beta and omega) receptor 2: Liver expression predicts repsonse to interferon alpha Fujiwara et al, 2004
  513. IFNB1 interferon, beta 1, fibroblast: DDX3 dependent induction prevented by the core protein Oshiumi et al, 2010
  514. IFNL2 interferon, lambda (previously IL28A interleukin 28A 2) : IL28A and IL29 are up-regulated in infected patients, induce antiviral genes and inhibit viral replication Diegelmann et al, 2010.
  515. IFNL3 (previuosly IL28B interleukin 28B) interferon, lambda 3 : Hepatic expressions of viral sensors and modulators is modified by IL28B polymorphisms in infected patients Asahina et al, 2011
  516. IFNL4 interferon lambda 4 (gene/pseudogene) :Recombinant IFNL4 is antiviral against HCV and coronaviruses Hamming et al, 2013.
  517. IGF2BP1 insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 1 enhances viral translation Weinlich et al, 2009
  518. IGF2BP2 insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2: knockdown stimulates the release and/or egress of HCV particles without affecting virus assembly Chatel-Chaix et al, 2013
  519. IGFBP6 insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6: siRNA knockdown increases infection Li et al, 2009
  520. IGF2BP2 – insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2: knockdown stimulates release and/or egress of HCV particles without affecting viral assembly Chatel-Chaix et al, 2013
  521. IGLL1 immunoglobulin lambda-like polypeptide 1 interacts with NS5A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  522. IGSF8 immunoglobulin superfamily, member 8: inhibits infection via interaction with CD81 Rocha-Perugini et al, 2008
  523. IGSF11: immunoglobulin superfamily, member 11: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  524. IKBKB inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase beta: interacts with the core protein Joo et al, 2005
  525. IKBKG inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase gamma: The IKK complex is involved in the effects or pkr on NFKB1 activation Bonnet et al, 2006
  526. IKBKE inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase epsilon interacts with NS3 protein Otsuka et al, 2005
  527. IL1A interleukin 1, alpha: IL1A , EGF, and HGF suppress the antiviral activity of interferons in primary monkey hepatic cells Takahara et al, 1999
  528. IL1B interleukin 1, beta: The virus acts as a ligand for TLR2 on human Kuppfer cells , which then secrete IL1B , TNF-alpha (TNF) , and IL10 and up-regulate cell surface CD274 (PD-L1) Tu et al, 2010.
  529. IL2 interleukin 2: HCV E2 protein inhibits IL2 secretion via PRKCB in peripheral blood mononuclear cells Petrovic et al, 2011
  530. IL4 interleukin 4 (B-cell growth factor 1): serum levels elevated in infected patients Reiser et al, 1997
  531. IL4RA interleukin 4 receptor: polymorphism associates with viral hepatitis Goncharova et al, 2005
  532. IL5 Interleukin 5 interleukin 5 (colony-stimulating factor, eosinophil): IL4, IL5 and IL10 are secreted by Th2 cells (involved in activation of B lymphocytes and in neutralising antibody production Kráslová et al, 2003.
  533. IL6 interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2): The core protein activates STAT3 in monocytes/macrophages/dendritic cells via an IL6 pathway Tacke et al, 2011
  534. IL7R interleukin 7 receptor (CD127) : Reduced expression in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes associated with viral persistence Golden-Mason et al, 2006
  535. IL8 interleukin 8 promoter activated by NS4A, 4B Kadoya et al, 2005
  536. IL10 interleukin 10: The virus acts as a ligand for TLR2 on human Kuppfer cells , which then secrete IL1B , TNF-alpha (TNF) , and IL10 and up-regulate cell surface CD274 : (PD-L1) Tu et al, 2010.
  537. IL11 interleukin 11: demonstrates beneficial effects in infected patients with hepatic inflammation and advanced liver disease
  538. IL12A interleukin 12A (natural killer cell stimulatory factor 1, cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 1, p35) The E2 protein nhibites IFN-gamma production by IL12 activated natural killer cells Crotta et al, 2010
  539. IL12B interleukin 12B (natural killer cell stimulatory factor 2, cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 2, p40): The E2 protein nhibites IFN-gamma production by IL12 activated natural killer cells Crotta et al, 2010: Polymorphism affects infection Hegazy et al, 2008
  540. IL13 interleukin 13 Inreased secretion by T cells in infection Inoue et al, 2006
  541. IL15 interleukin 15: produced by macrophages and various other cells in response to environmental stimuli and infectious agents Kirman et al, 1998
  542. IL16 interleukin 16: Polymorphism affects hepatitis infection Kimball et al, 2006 : attracts CD4+ cells to sites of inflammation and plays a role in the interaction of dendritic cells, T cells and B cells.
  543. IL17A IL17B Alloantigen presentation by monocytes isolated from HCV-infected patients results in impaired production of interleukin 17 by naive CD4(+) T cells in the presence of TLR ligands Chung et al, 2010.
  544. IL17RB interleukin 17 receptor B : siRNA knockdown increases infection Li et al, 2009
  545. IL18 interleukin 18 (interferon-gamma-inducing factor) : Serum levels increased in viral hepatitis Sharma et al, 2009
  546. IL23A interleukin 23, alpha subunit p19 increases in the numbers of IFNG -producing, HCV-specific CD8+ cells in mice Matsui et al, 2004
  547. IL27 interleukin 27 inhibits viral replication Frank et al, 2010
  548. IL29 interleukin 29 (interferon, lambda 1) inhibits viral replication Pagliaccetti et al, 2008
  549. IL32 interleukin 32 involved in viral-associated liver inflammation/fibrosis: without antiviral effects Moschen et al, 2011
  550. ILF2 interleukin enhancer binding factor 2, 45kD binds to core protein Lee et al, 2011
  551. ILF3 interleukin enhancer binding factor 3, 90kDa involved in viral RNA replication Isken et al, 2007
  552. ILVBL: ilvB (bacterial acetolactate synthase)-like: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  553. IMP4: IMP4, U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein, homolog (yeast): siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  554. IMPDH1IMP (inosine 5'-monophosphate) dehydrogenase 1 : siRNA knockdown increases infection Li et al, 2009
  555. INF2 inverted formin, FH2 and WH2 domain containing C14orf73: chromosome 14 open reading frame 73: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  556. INO80E INO80 complex subunit E (ex CCDC95) interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  557. INPPL1 – inositol polyphosphate phosphatase-like 1: The HCV core protein, expressed in Huh7 and MDCK cells, disrupted apicobasal polarity and decreased the expression of the polarity protein Dlg1 and the PI phosphatase INPPL1 Awad et al, 2013
  558. IQCB1 IQ motif containing B1: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  559. IPO4 importin 4: interacts with NS5A protein Randall et al, 2007
  560. IPO5 importin 5 : Karyopherin beta binds to NS5A Chung et al, 2000
  561. IRAK1 – interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1: HCV-induced miR-21 produces immune evasion by targets MyD88 and IRAK1 Chen et al, 2013.
  562. IRF1 interferon regulatory factor 1 NS5A negatively regulates IRF-1 expression Jung et al, 2007
  563. IRF3 interferon regulatory factor 3: inhibits viral replication Yamashiro et al, 2006 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  564. IRF5 – interferon regulatory factor 5: IRF1 and IRF5 control interferon-independent signaling events leading to anti-HCV responses Nandakumar et al, 2013
  565. IRF9 interferon regulatory factor 9: inhibits viral replication Poat et al , 2010
  566. IRGM immunity-related GTPase family, M: siRNA knockdown impairs Measles virus, Hepatitis C virusand human immunodeficiency virus-1-induced autophagy and viral particle production Grégoire et al, 2011
  567. IRS1 insulin receptor substrate 1: infection in vitro triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress and downregulates IRS1 and 2 via upregulation of SOCS3 Ahmed et al, 2014
  568. IRS2 insulin receptor substrate 2: Ahmed et al, 2014
  569. ISG15 interferon-induced 15 kDa protein ISG15 ubiquitin-like modifier promotes viral production in vitro Chen et al, 2010 but influences HSV replication in both a positive and negative manner Domingues et al, 2015
  570. ISLR immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine-rich repeat interacts with p7 protein Huang et al, 2005
  571. ITGA7: integrin, alpha 7 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  572. ITGAL interacts with NS5A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  573. ITGB1 integrin, alpha L (antigen CD11A (p180), lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1; alpha polypeptide) interacts with E2 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  574. ITGB4 integrin, beta 4 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  575. JAG2 jagged 2 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  576. JAK1 Janus kinase 1 interacts with CORE, NS5A De Chassey et al, 2008
  577. JAK2 Janus kinase 2 interacts with CORE protein Hosui et al, 2003
  578. JUN jun proto-oncogene interacts with E1, NS3 De Chassey et al, 2008
  579. KCNA1 potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, member 1 (episodic ataxia with myokymia) : siRNA knockdown increases infection Li et al, 2009
  580. KCNB1 potassium voltage-gated channel, Shab-related subfamily, member 1 NS5A inhibits oxidative stress-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation of Kv2.1 Mankouri et al, 2009
  581. KCNQ4 potassium voltage-gated channel, KQT-like subfamily, member 4 : siRNA knockdown increases infection Li et al, 2009
  582. KCTD14 potassium channel tetramerisation domain containing 14 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  583. KCNJ3: potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 3 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  584. KCNK3: potassium channel, subfamily K, member 3 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  585. KHDRBS1 KH domain containing, RNA binding, signal transduction associated 1 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  586. KIAA0101 – KIAA0101: NS5A trans-activated protein Shi et al, 2008
  587. ZC4H2 zinc finger, C4H2 domain containing: KIAA1166: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  588. FAM135A family with sequence similarity 135, member A interacts with E2 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  589. KIAA1549 KIAA1549 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  590. KIF17 kinesin family member 17 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  591. KIF3B kinesin family member 3B binds to core protein Zhang et al, 2009
  592. KIF4B kinesin family member 4B: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  593. KIF7 kinesin family member 7 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  594. KIR3DL1 killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, three domains, long cytoplasmic tail, 1: Viral particles upregulate NKp46 (NCR1) , NKp44 (NCR2), NKp30 (NCR3), NKG2D (KLRK1) and downregulate KIR /CD158 (KIR3DL1) )in natural killer cells from infected patients Farag et al, 2011
  595. KLRK1 killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily K, member 1: Viral particles upregulate NKp46 (NCR1) , NKp44 (NCR2), NKp30 (NCR3), NKG2D (KLRK1) and downregulate KIR (KIR3DL1) /CD158 in natural killer cells from infected patients Farag et al, 2011
  596. KPNA1 karyopherin alpha 1 (importin alpha 5) interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  597. KRT4: keratin 4: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  598. KRT8 keratin 8 interacts with CORE protein Kang et al, 2005
  599. KRT18 keratin 18 interacts with CORE protein Kang et al, 2005
  600. KRT19 keratin 19 interacts with CORE protein Kang et al, 2005
  601. KRT32 keratin 32: Component of the viral replication complex Park et al, 2013
  602. L1TD1: LINE-1 type transposase domain containing 1: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  603. L3MBTL3 l(3)mbt-like 3 (Drosophila) interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  604. LAMA5 laminin, alpha 5 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  605. LAMB2 laminin, beta 2 (laminin S) interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  606. LAMC3 laminin, gamma 3 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  607. LARP1 – La ribonucleoprotein domain family, member 1: knockdown stimulates release and/or egress of HCV particles without affecting viral assembly Chatel-Chaix et al, 2013
  608. LCK lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase interacts with NS5A protein MacDonald et al, 2005
  609. LDB1 LIM domain binding 1 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  610. LDLR low density lipoprotein receptor: entry receptor Monazahian et al, 1999
  611. LGALS1 lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 1 : mRNA binds to NS5B in the cytoplasm Yuhashi et al, 2014
  612. LIMS2 LIM and senescent cell antigen-like domains 2 interacts with NS5A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  613. LMNB1 amin B1 interacts with p7 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  614. LSS lanosterol synthase (2,3-oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase): Inhibition inhibits viral replication Owens et al, 2010
  615. HSXF2 heat shock transcription factor family, X linked 2 (ex LOC728302) interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  616. LOC730765 (discontinued) interacts with E2 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  617. LOC285556: hypothetical protein LOC285556: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  618. LOC400451: hypothetical gene supported by AK075564; BC060873: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  619. LPL Lipoprotein lipase mediates entry and inhibits infection Andréo et al, 2007
  620. LPXN leupaxin interacts with CORE protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  621. LRRC7 leucine rich repeat containing 7 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  622. LRRCC1 leucine rich repeat and coiled-coil domain containing 1 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  623. LRRTM1 leucine rich repeat transmembrane neuronal 1 interacts with CORE protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  624. LSM1 LSM1 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA associated: LSM1-7 bind to Translation/Replication Regulatory Signals in the HCV 5' and 3' untranslated regions. Scheller et al, 2009
  625. LSM2 LSM2 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA associated (S. cerevisiae)
  626. LSM3 LSM3 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA associated (S. cerevisiae)
  627. LSM4 LSM4 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA associated (S. cerevisiae)
  628. LSM5 LSM5 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA associated (S. cerevisiae
  629. LSM6 LSM6 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA associated (S. cerevisiae)
  630. LSM7 LSM7 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA associated (S. cerevisiae)
  631. LTA lymphotoxin alpha: TNF-a, TNF-ß (LTA) , TWEAK and LIGHT promote HCV entry via NFKB mediated activation of myosin light chain kinase (MYLK3) and disruption of tight junctions Fletcher et al, 2016
  632. LTBP4 latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 4 interacts with CORE, NS3 De Chassey et al, 2008
  633. LTB lymphotoxin beta (TNF superfamily, member 3): Induced by NS5B in Huh7 cells Simonin et al, 2013
  634. LTBR lymphotoxin beta receptor (TNFR superfamily, member 3) binds to core protein Matsumoto et al, 1997
  635. LTC4S: leukotriene C4 synthase: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  636. LTF lactotransferrin interacts with E1, E2 De Chassey et al, 2008
  637. LYN v-yes-1 Yamaguchi sarcoma viral related oncogene homolog interacts with NS5A protein MacDonald et al, 2005
  638. LZTS2 leucine zipper, putative tumor suppressor 2 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  639. MAF v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog (avian): binds to NS3 protein preventing nrf2 (NFE2L2) entry to the nucleus Carvajal-Yepes et al, 2011
  640. MAGED1 melanoma antigen family D, 1 interacts with CORE and NS3 proteins De Chassey et al, 2008
  641. MAP2K1 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK1) Involved in viral replication Gretton et al, 2010
  642. MAP2K5 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 (MEK5) : activated hepatitis C non-enveloped capsid-like particles Katsarou et al, 2011
  643. MAP3K11 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 11 (mixed lineage kinase 3): NS5A inhibits MAP3K11 to block apoptosis Amako et al, 2013
  644. MAPKAPK3 mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 3: binds to core protein Ngo et al, 2013
  645. MAP2K5 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5: Expression suppresses HCV infection Lee et al, 2014.
  646. MAP2K7 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7: involved in viral replication (siRNA study) Ng et al, 2007
  647. MAP4: microtubule-associated protein 4: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  648. MAPK1 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (ERK) Involved in the neurotoxic effects of viral infection Paulino et al, 2011 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  649. MAPK7 mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  650. MAPK8 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (JNK1) HCV infection activates JNK via increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, resulting in decreased FoxO1 phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation Deng et al, 2011
  651. MAPK9 mitogen-activated protein kinase 9: MAPK8 and 9 (JNK1 and JNK2) restrict HCV replication Kim et al, 2013
  652. MAPK12 mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 interacts with NS5A protein Randall et al, 2007
  653. MARK3: MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 3: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  654. MASP2 mannan-binding lectin serine peptidase 2 binds to E2 protein Brown et al, 2010
  655. MAVS mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein cleaved by the NS3-4A serine protease Meylan et al, 2005
  656. MBL2 mannose-binding lectin (protein C) 2, soluble binds to E2 protein Brown et al, 2010
  657. MBP myelin basic protein interacts with NS3 protein Borowski et al, 1996
  658. MBTPS1 membrane-bound transcription factor peptidase, site 1: inhibition blocks viral infection in hepatoma cells Olmstead et al, 2012
  659. MCHR2: melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 2: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  660. MCL1 myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (BCL2-related) binds to CORE protein Mohd-Ismail et al, 2009
  661. MCM2: minichromosome maintenance complex component 2: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  662. MED12: mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription, subunit 12 homolog (S. cerevisiae): siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  663. MEGF6 multiple EGF-like-domains 6 interacts with CORE protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  664. MEGF8 multiple EGF-like-domains 8 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  665. METTL7A methyltransferase like 7A: Interacts with viral NS4B and Regulates Hepatitis C Virus Propagation Park et al, 2015.
  666. MGC13057: hypothetical protein MGC13057: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  667. MGC2752 hypothetical LOC65996 interacts with NS5B protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  668. MGP matrix Gla protein interacts with NS5A protein Ahn et al, 2004
  669. MIR16-1 MicroRna 16-1: Increased miR-16 expression induced by hepatitis C virus infection promotes liver fibrosis through downregulation of hepatocyte growth factor and Smad7 Zhu et al, 2015.
  670. MIR21 – microRNA 21: HCV-induced miR-21 produces immune evasion by targets MyD88 and IRAK1 Chen et al, 2013.
  671. MIR27A microRNA 27a: Inhibits viral replication in human hepatoma cells Shirasaki et al, 2013
  672. MIR107 microrna 107: HCV-induced downregulation of MIR449A and MIR107 regulate CCL2 expression by activation of the IL6-mediated signaling cascade Sarma et al, 2014
  673. MIR122 microRNA 122 activates viral translation Roberts et al, 2011 MirBase
  674. MIR128-1, miR-196a (MIR196A1 / MIR196A2 ? )and miR-142-3p MIR142 modified by the virus in Huh-7 cells Bruni et al, 2011 (Links are to Mirbase)
  675. MIR130A microRNA 130a: inhibits HCV replication/production by restoring host innate immune responses and/or downregulating pro-HCV miR-122 Li et al, 2014
  676. MIR155 microRNA155: regulates interferon production in natural killer cells via Tim-3 signalling in chronic hepatitis C virus infection Cheng et al, 2015.
  677. MIR181C inhibits HCV replication by directly binding with HCV E1 and NS5A sequences Mukherjee et al, 2014
  678. MIR196A1 microRNA 196a-1 : inhibits HCV expression in HCV replicon cell lines (genotype 1b) and in J6/JFH1 (genotype 2a) HCV cell culture system Hou et al, 2010.
  679. MIR194-1 MIR194-2 inhibits HCV entry by targeting CD81 receptor Mekky et al, 2015
  680. MIR449A microRNA 449a: HCV-induced changes in MIR449A and MIR107 regulate CCL2 expression by activation of the IL6-mediated signaling cascade Sarma et al, 2014
  681. MIR942 MicroRNA942: mediates Hepatitis C Virus-Induced Apoptosis via Regulation of ISG12a Yang et al, 2014.
  682. Extracellular levels of miR-122, MIR34A and to a lesser extent miR-16 (Renamed to GDE1 glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 1) increase following infection in vitro Cermelli et al, 2011
  683. MIR146A The impact of chronic hepatitis C infection on cholesterol metabolism in PBMCs is associated with microRNA-146a expression.Sidorkiewicz et al, 2016
  684. MIRLET7B microRNA let-7b: Regulates viral replication Cheng et al, 2012
  685. MKNK1 MAP kinase interacting serine/threonine kinase 1: Facilitates viral entry Kim et al, 2013
  686. MYLK3 myosin light chain kinase 3 TNF-a, LTA, TWEAK and LIGHT promote HCV entry via NFKB mediated activation of myosin light chain kinase (MYLK3) and disruption of tight junctions Fletcher et al, 2016
  687. MLLT1: myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia (trithorax homolog, Drosophila); translocated to, 1: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  688. MLLT4 myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia (trithorax homolog, Drosophila); translocated to, 4: interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  689. MLXIP MLX interacting protein: interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  690. MLXIPL: MLX interacting protein-like: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  691. MMP3 MMP3 expression decreased after core protein treatment and increased in NS3/4A-stimulated macrophages Fan et al, 2015
  692. MMP14 matrix metallopeptidase 14 (membrane-inserted): Overexpression in Huh7.5 cells suppressed cell entry of HCV pseudoparticles as well as HCV infection Chang et al, 2015.
  693. MMRN2 multimerin 2: interacts with CORE protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  694. MOB1A MOB kinase activator 1A: binds to NS5A Chung et al, 2014
  695. MOBK1B interacts with NS5A, NS5B De Chassey et al, 2008
  696. MORC4 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  697. MORF4L1 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  698. MRPL15: mitochondrial ribosomal protein L15: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  699. MRPL38: mitochondrial ribosomal protein L38: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  700. MRPL48: mitochondrial ribosomal protein L48: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  701. MPDU1 mannose-P-dolichol utilization defect 1 interacts with F protein Huang et al, 2005
  702. MS4A6A membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 6A interacts with p7 protein Huang et al, 2005
  703. MSN – moesin: Moesin and radixin expression decreased in chronic HCV J6/JFH-1 infected Huh7.5 cells Bukong et al, 2013
  704. MSR1 macrophage scavenger receptor 1: NS3 receptor Beauvillain et al, 2010
  705. MTHFSD: methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase domain containing: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  706. MTMR10 myotubularin related protein 10: siRNA knockdown increases infection Li et al, 2009
  707. MTOR mechanistic target of rapamycin (serine/threonine kinase) activated via NS5A intereaction with FKBP8 Peng et al, 2010
  708. MVP Major vault protein: interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  709. MYCL2: v-myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog 2 (avian): siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  710. MYD88 – myeloid differentiation primary response 88: HCV-induced miR-21 produces immune evasion by targets MyD88 and IRAK1 Chen et al, 2013.
  711. MYO3A: myosin IIIA: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  712. MYO7B: myosin VIIB: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  713. MYO18A myosin XVIIIA: Silencing GOLPH3 or MYO18A reduces HCV virion secretion Bishé et al, 2012
  714. NAALADL1: N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase-like 1: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  715. NANOG Nanog homeobox: core protein regulates NANOG expression via STAT3 Zhou et al, 2014.
  716. NAP1L1 interacts with NS3 and NS5A De Chassey et al, 2008
  717. NAPL1L2 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  718. NBN Nibrin binds to CORE protein, inhibiting DNA repair Machida et al, 2010
  719. NCAN neurocan interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  720. NCF1 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1: Upregulated in HCV core-treated CD33(+) cells Tacke et al, 2012
  721. NCL Nucleolin interacts with NS5B protein Hirano et al, 2003
  722. NCR1 natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1 Viral particles upregulate NKp46 (NCR1) , NKp44 (NCR2), NKp30 (NCR3), NKG2D (KLRK1) and downregulate KIR/CD158 in natural killer cells from infected patients Farag et al, 2011
  723. NCR2 natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 2: Farag et al, 2011
  724. NCR3 natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 3 : Farag et al, 2011
  725. NCSTN Nicastrin Gamma secretase (APH1A, PSEN1, PSEN2, PSENEN, NCSTN) cleaves the viral receptors LDLR and SDC2 Lleó and Saura, 2011
  726. ND3 NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 interacts with Ns4B Liu et al, 2005
  727. NDC80 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  728. NDRG1 interacts with NS5A protein Ahn et al, 2004
  729. NEFL interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  730. NEFM neurofilament, medium polypeptide: interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  731. NELL1 NEL-like 1 :interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  732. NELL2 NEL-like 2: interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  733. NFE2 nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2), 45kDa : interacts with NS5A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  734. NFE2L2 nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 MAF binds to NS3 protein preventing NFE2L2 nuclear entry Carvajal-Yepes et al, 2011
  735. NFKB1 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1: activated by NS2 Oem et al, 2008
  736. NFKB2 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 2 (p49/p100): involved in viral replication (siRNA study) Ng et al, 2007
  737. NFKBIA nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha: Inhibits CHUK, RELA and NFKB1 and interacts with many other viral-related proteins NCBI interactions
  738. NID1 nidogen 1: interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  739. NID2 nidogen 2 (osteonidogen) : interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  740. NLRP3 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3:: HCV exploits the NLRP3-inflammasome to activate SREBPs and host lipid metabolism leading to liver disease pathogenesis McRae et al, 2015
  741. NMT1: N-myristoyltransferase 1: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  742. NOC4L: nucleolar complex associated 4 homolog (S. cerevisiae): siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  743. NOL1: nucleolar protein 1, 120kDa: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  744. NOL5A: nucleolar protein 5A (56kDa with KKE/D repeat): siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  745. NOL6: nucleolar protein family 6 (RNA-associated): siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  746. NOP5 NOP58: nucleolar protein NOP5/NOP58: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  747. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid, a lipid lowering agent, reduces viral replication and secretion,decreased sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) activation and enhancing expression of genes involved in ß-oxidation Syed and Siddiqui, 2011
  748. NOS1AP: nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal) adaptor protein: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  749. NOS2 nitric oxide synthase activated by the virus Machida et al, 2004
  750. NOTCH1 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  751. GLYR1 – glyoxylate reductase 1 homolog (Arabidopsis) : (N-PAC) interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  752. NPAT nuclear protein, ataxia-telangiectasia locus: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  753. NPC1L1 NPC1 (Niemann-Pick disease, type C1, gene)-like 1: Entry receptor Sainz et al, 2012
  754. NPM1 interacts with CORE protein Mai et al, 2006
  755. NR1H3 Liver X receptor alpha: core protein enhances the binding of LXRalpha/RXRalpha to LXR-response elements in the presence but not the absence of PA28gamma Moriishi et al, 2007
  756. NR4A1 nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1: (nurr77) CORE, E1, E2, NS2, NS4A, NS5B De Chassey et al, 2008
  757. NT5C 5', 3'-nucleotidase, cytosolic: Viral NS3 interacts with and inhibits cytosolic 5'(3')-deoxyribonucleotidase Fang et al, 2013.
  758. NUAK2 NUAK family, SNF1-like kinase, 2: (SNARK) involved in viral replication (siRNA study) Ng et al, 2007 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  759. NUCB1 nucleobindin 1: interacts with NS5A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  760. NUP62 nucleoporin 62kDa: interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  761. NUP98 – nucleoporin 98kDa: Knockdown reduces viral replication Neufeldt et al, 2013
  762. NUP153 – nucleoporin 153kDa: Knockdown reduces viral replication Neufeldt et al, 2013
  763. NUP155 – nucleoporin 155kDa: requirement for Nup155 and IPO5 at a post-replication stage of virus assembly or in viral egress Neufeldt et al, 2013
  764. NUP214 nucleoporin 214kDa: interacts with p7 protein Huang et al, 2005
  765. OAS1 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1, 40/46kDa: interacts with NS5A protein Taguchi et al, 2004
  766. OAS3 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 3, 100kDa: OAS1 and OAS3 mediate the RNase L-dependent antiviral activity against HCV Kwon et al, 2013
  767. OBSCN obscurin, cytoskeletal calmodulin and titin-interacting RhoGEF: interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  768. OCLN Occludin: required for entry Ciesek et al, 2011
  769. ORAOV1: oral cancer overexpressed 1 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  770. OS9 osteosarcoma amplified 9, endoplasmic reticulum lectin interacts with NS5B protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  771. OSBP: oxysterol binding protein: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  772. OSBP2 – oxysterol binding protein 2: associates with NS5B Park et al, 2013
  773. OTUB1 OTU domain, ubiquitin aldehyde binding 1 : siRNA knockdown increases infection Li et al, 2009
  774. Oxygen: Low O2 tension (hypoxia) enhances viral replication Vassilaki et al, 2012
  775. PABPC1 poly(A) binding protein, cytoplasmic 1: stress granule component distributed to the HCV production factory Ariumi et al, 2011
  776. PABPN1 : poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1 interacts with CORE protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  777. PACSIN1 protein kinase C and casein kinase substrate in neurons 1 : Expression suppresses HCV infection Lee et al, 2014.
  778. PAK1 p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinase 1: siRNA knockdown increases viral RNA and protein abundance in established replicon cell lines Ishida et al, 2007
  779. PAK4 p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinase 4 interacts with CORE protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  780. PARK2 parkinson protein 2, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (parkin): HCV infection stimulates Parkin and PINK1 gene expression, induced perinuclear mitochondrial clustering , and promoted mitochondrial translocation of Parkin Kim et al, 2013
  781. PARP4 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 4 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  782. PARP11 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 11: poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 11: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  783. PARVG parvin, gamma interacts with NS5A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  784. PATL1 protein associated with topoisomerase II homolog 1 (yeast): regulates viral translation Scheller et al, 2009
  785. PC – pyruvate carboxylase : Component of the viral replication complex Park et al, 2013 interacts with viral NS5A Yim et al, 2013
  786. PCBP2 poly(rC) binding protein 2 interacts with the viral genome Fukushi et al, 2001
  787. PCYT2 phosphate cytidylyltransferase 2, ethanolamine interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  788. PDCD1 programmed cell death 1: HCV core treatment of monoctytes and macrophages from infected subjects at baseline increases PDCD1 expression that correlated with IL12 inhibition.Zhang et al, 2011
  789. PDCD6IP programmed cell death 6 interacting protein (Alix) knockdown suppressees infectivity Ariumi et al, 2011
  790. PCSK9 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9: Negatively regulates viral replication Sved et al, 2013
  791. PDE4DIP phosphodiesterase 4D interacting protein (myomegalin) interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  792. PDK1 pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 1: IFN-alpha does not activate PRK2 (PKN2) or its upstream kinase PDK1 in infected cells Kim et al, 2009
  793. PDK3 pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 3 : HCV infection increases c-Myc, HIF-1a, PDK1, and PDK3 levels in human liver: protein and mRNA expression levels of PHGDH, PSAT1, and PSPHJung et al, 2016.
  794. PDLIM5 PDZ and LIM domain 5 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  795. PDPK1 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase-1 interacts with NS5A protein Randall et al, 2007
  796. PDZK1 PDZ domain containing 1 facilitates viral entry Eyre et al, 2010
  797. PECR: peroxisomal trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  798. PELI1 pellino homolog 1 (Drosophila): siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  799. PEMT: phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  800. PER2 period circadian clock 2: Overexpression of PER2 leads to a decrease in HCV RNA replicating levels in Huh-7 cells Benegiamo et al, 2013
  801. PFDN2 prefoldin interacts with F protein Tsao et al, 2006
  802. PFN1 profilin interacts with E1 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  803. PGLYRP4: peptidoglycan recognition protein 4: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  804. PGGT1B protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I, beta subunit: Inhibition disrupts viral replication Ye et al, 2003
  805. PHB Probibitin, Stability increased by ineraction with the CORE protein Tsutsumi et al, 2009
  806. Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate are needed for replication (made from PI4KA and B) Lee, 2012
  807. PIAS1 protein inhibitor of activated STAT, 1: Nuclear localisation increased in hepatocytes of infected patients Bautista et al, 2007
  808. PIAS3 protein inhibitor of activated STAT, 3: Relapse in interferon therapy associated with increased expression of SOCS3 and PIAS3 Ehrman et al, 2006
  809. PICK1 protein interacting with PRKCA 1 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  810. PI4KA phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase, catalytic, alpha interacts with NS5A Lim et al, 2011 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009 Small molecule inhibitors reduces viral replication Leivers et al, 2013
  811. PI4KB phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase, catalytic, beta: Knockdown reduces replication Trotard et al, 2009
  812. PIK3C2B – phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit type 2 beta: knockdown represses viral full-genome replication in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells Maehama et al, 2013
  813. PIK3C3 phosphoinositide-3-kinase, class 3 (vps34) complexes with NS4B together with rab5 Su et al, 2011
  814. PIK3R1 phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 1 (alpha) interacts with NS5A protein Street et al, 2004
  815. PIK4CA phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase, catalytic, alpha interacts with NS5A protein Ahn et al, 2004
  816. PIN1 prolyl isomerase required for propagation Lim et al, 2011
  817. PINK1 PTEN induced putative kinase 1: HCV infection stimulates Parkin and PINK1 gene expression Kim et al, 2013
  818. PITX1 paired-like homeodomain 1: interacts with NS5A protein Ghosh et al, 2003
  819. PLA1A phospholipase A1 member A: involved in Hepatitis C Virus Assembly through NS2 Complex Formation Guo et al, 2014.
  820. PLA2G4C phospholipase A2, group IVC (cytosolic, calcium-independent): involved in viral replication and assembly Xu et al, 2012
  821. PLB1 phospholipase B1 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  822. PLCG1 phospholipase C gamma 1: SYK interacts with NS5A which downregulates SYK phosphorylation of PLCG1 Inubishi et al, 2008
  823. PLEKHA8 pleckstrin homology domain containing, family A (phosphoinositide binding specific) member 8 (fapp2): depletion attenuated HCV infectivity and impeded HCV RNA synthesis: Khan e al, 2014
  824. PLIN3 perilipin 3 : targets the NS5A-complexed RNA genome from the replicon complex to the lipid droplet Ploen et al, 2013.
  825. PLK1 Polo like kinase phosphorylates NS5A Chen et al, 2010 PLK1 Regulates interferon production by MAVS via dissociation of MACS/TRAF3 Vitour et al, 2009
  826. PKM2 pyruvate kinase, muscle interacts with NS5B protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  827. PKN2 protein kinase N2 (cardiolipin-activated protein kinase )interacts with NS5B protein Kim et al, 2004
  828. PKNOX1 Pbx/knotted 1 homeobox interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  829. PLEKHG4 pleckstrin homology domain containing, family G (with RhoGef domain) member 4 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  830. PLIN3 (Tip47) perilipin 3: binds to RNA-loaded NS5A.Ploen et al, 2013
  831. PLS3 plastin 3: Regulates HCV replication Yoo et al, 2015
  832. PLSCR1 scramblase 1 interacts with HCV envelope proteins E1 and E2 Gong et al, 2011 and with CORE protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  833. PML promyelocytic leukemia interacts with CORE protein Herzer et al. 2005
  834. PMVK phosphomevalonate kinase interacts with NS5A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  835. PNO1: partner of NOB1 homolog (S. cerevisiae) : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  836. PNPLA8 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  837. POL2RK polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide K, 7.0kDa repressed by NS5A Jung et al, 2007
  838. POLR2J2: DNA directed RNA polymerase II polypeptide J-related: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  839. Polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibit viral replication (arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid)
    1. Saturated (lauric, myristic, and palmitic) and Monounsaturated (Oleic) fatty acids increase viral replication Kapadia and Chisari, 2005 Malondialdehde, a lipid peroxidation product generated by arachidonic acid inhibits viral replication an effect reversed by Vitamin E Huang et al, 2007
  840. POU3F2 POU class 3 homeobox 2 interacts with NS2 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  841. PPARA peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha PPARalpha downregulation inhibits HCV replication Rakic et al, 2006
  842. PPARD – peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta: PPARD antagonists inhibit viral replication Ban et al, 2013
  843. PPARG peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activated by NS5A Kim et al, 2009
  844. PPIA peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A) binds to NS5A Waller et al, 2010 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  845. PPIB peptidylprolyl isomerase B (cyclophilin B) interacts with NS5B protein Watashi et al, 2005
  846. PPP1R13L protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 13 like interacts with NS5A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  847. PPP2R1A: protein phosphatase 2 (formerly 2A), regulatory subunit A , alpha isoform: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  848. PPTC7: PTC7 protein phosphatase homolog (S. cerevisiae): siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  849. PRKACA protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, alpha interacts with NS3 protein Borowski et al, 1996
  850. PRKRA protein kinase, interferon-inducible double stranded RNA dependent activator: overexpression of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein inhibited the translation of a reporter mRNA harboring the PRKRA 5' UTR Lai et al, 2015
  851. PRKRIP1: PRKR interacting protein 1 (IL11 inducible): siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  852. PRM1 protamine 1 interacts with NS3 protein Borowski et al, 1996
  853. PRMT1 protein arginine methyltransferase 1 interacts with NS3 protein Rho et al, 2001
  854. PRMT5 protein arginine methyltransferase 5 interacts with NS3 protein Rho et al, 2001
  855. PROX1: prospero-related homeobox 1: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  856. PRPF31 PRP31 pre-mRNA processing factor 31 homolog (S. cerevisiae) : siRNA knockdown increases infection Li et al, 2009
  857. PRPF40A: PRP40 pre-mRNA processing factor 40 homolog A (S. cerevisiae): siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  858. PRPSAP2: phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase-associated protein 2: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  859. PRRC1 proline-rich coiled-coil 1 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  860. PRSS1 trypsin 1 binds to core protein Zhang et al, 2009
  861. PRSS2 trypsin 2 binds to core protein Zhang et al, 2009
  862. PSEN1 Presenilin 1 Gamma secretase (APH1A, PSEN1, PSEN2, PSENEN, NCSTN) cleaves the viral receptor LDLR and SDC2 Lleó and Saura, 2011
  863. PSEN2 Presenilin 2 Gamma secretase (APH1A, PSEN1, PSEN2, PSENEN, NCSTN) cleaves the viral receptor LDLR and SDC2 Lleó and Saura, 2011
  864. PSENEN presenilin enhancer 2 homolog (C. elegans) Gamma secretase (APH1A, PSEN1, PSEN2, PSENEN, NCSTN) cleaves the viral receptor LDLR and SDC2 Lleó and Saura, 2011
  865. PSMA6 proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, alpha type, 6 interacts with E2 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  866. PSMB8 proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, beta type, 8 (large multifunctional peptidase 7) interacts with NS3 protein Khu et al, 2004
  867. PSMB9 proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, beta type 9 (large multifunctional peptidase 2)interacts with NS3, NS5A, NS5B De Chassey et al, 2008
  868. PSME1: proteasome (prosome, macropain) activator subunit 1 (PA28 alpha): siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  869. PSME3 proteasome (prosome, macropain) activator subunit 3 (PA28 gamma; Ki) interacts with CORE, NS3 De Chassey et al, 2008
  870. PSTPIP2 proline-serine-threonine phosphatase interacting protein 2 : Essential for viral replication Chao et al, 2011
  871. PTBP1 polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 Inhibits viral translation Tischendorf et al, 2004
  872. PTBP2 polypyrimidine tract binding protein 2 NS3, NS5B De Chassey et al, 2008
  873. PTCD1: pentatricopeptide repeat domain 1: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  874. PTEN phosphatase and tensin homolog: PTEN silencing in Jc1 infected HuH7 cells stimulated HCV particle secretion, while overexpression decreased virus egress Peyrou et al, 2013.
  875. PTGS2 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) NS3 enhances cyclooxygenase-2 gene promoter activity Lu et al, 2008
  876. PTHR1: parathyroid hormone receptor 1: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  877. PTMA prothymosin, alpha interacts with NS5A protein Ahn et al, 2004
  878. PTPLAD1 protein tyrosine phosphatase-like A domain containing 1 interacts with NS5A Taguwa et al, 2008
  879. PTPRH protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, H : siRNA knockdown increases infection Li et al, 2009
  880. PTPRN2 protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, N polypeptide 2: interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  881. PXN Paxillin regulates replication Tripathi et al, 2010
  882. RAB1A RAB1B member RAS oncogene family: Play a role in viral replication Nevo-Yassaf et al, 2012
  883. RAB5A RAS-associated protein RAB5A mediator of HCV clathrin-dependent endocytosis (siRNA study) Meertens et al, 2006
  884. RAB7A associates with NS4B Manna et al, 2010
  885. RAB7L1 RAB7, member RAS oncogene family-like 1 mediator of HCV clathrin-dependent endocytosis (siRNA study) Coller et al, 2009
  886. RAB10: RAB10, member RAS oncogene family: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  887. RAB11A: RAB11A, member RAS oncogene family: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  888. RAB14 member RAS oncogene family interacts with F protein Huang et al, 2005
  889. RAB18 – RAB18, member RAS oncogene family: Binds to NS5A Salloum et al, 2013
  890. RAB32, member RAS oncogene family: required for the assembly of HCV. Pham et al, 2016
  891. RABEP1 rabaptin, RAB GTPase binding effector protein 1 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  892. RABEPK Rab9 effector protein with kelch motifs : Rab9 effector protein with kelch motifs: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  893. RAC1: ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac1): siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  894. RACGAP1 Rac GTPase activating protein : interacts with the viral protein NS5B Wu et al,2014
  895. RAF1 v-raf-1 murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 interacts with NS5A protein Bürckstümmer et al, 2006 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  896. RAI14 retinoic acid induced 14 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  897. IPO5 Importin 5 (RANBP5) interacts with NS5A protein Chung et al, 2000
  898. RARRES3 retinoic acid receptor responder (tazarotene induced) 3 (RIG1) responsible for the induction of IFN-ß and TRAIL and apoptosis of primary human hepatocytes in response to HCV infection Yang et al, 2011.
  899. RASAL2 RAS protein activator like 2 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  900. RBM4 RNA binding motif protein 4 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  901. RBM9: RNA binding motif protein 9: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  902. RBM22: RNA binding motif protein 22: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  903. RBP4 retinol binding protein 4, plasma interacts with Ns4B Liu et al, 2005
  904. RCN3 reticulocalbin 3, EF-hand calcium binding domain interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  905. RDX – radixin: Moesin and radixin expression decreased in chronic HCV J6/JFH-1 infected Huh7.5 cells Bukong et al, 2013
  906. RELA v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian)involved in viral replication (siRNA study) Ng et al, 2007
  907. RGNEF 190 kDa guanine nucleotide exchange factor interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  908. RGPD5 RANBP2-like and GRIP domain containing 5: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  909. RGL4 : Ral-GDS related protein Rgr : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  910. RICS Rho GTPase activating protein 32 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  911. RINT1 RAD50 interactor 1 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  912. RIPK1 receptor (TNFRSF)-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1Essential adapter molecule for the activation of NF-kappa-B GeneCards
  913. RIPK2: receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 2: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  914. RNASEL ribonuclease L (2',5'-oligoisoadenylate synthetase-dependent) cleaves viral RNA Malathi et al, 2010
  915. RNF31 ring finger protein 31 CORE, NS3 De Chassey et al, 2008 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  916. RNF139 ring finger protein 139: an E3 ubiquitin ligase, required for the degradation of the immature core protein Aizawa et al, 2016
  917. RNF207: ring finger protein 207: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  918. ROCK2 mediator of HCV clathrin-dependent endocytosis (siRNA study) Coller et al, 2009 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  919. ROGDI interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  920. KIAA2022 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  921. RPA1 replication protein A1, 70kDa: NS5A and cellular replication protein A functionally cooperate as a processivity factor to stimulate HCV replication Mani et al, 2015
  922. RPAIN RPA interacting protein : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  923. RPL18A ribosomal protein L18a interacts with NS5A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  924. RPS4X ribosomal protein S4, X-linked : RPS4X mRNA binds to NS5B in the cytoplasm Yuhashi et al, 2014
  925. RPS6KB1 ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 70kDa, polypeptide 1 : Implicated in NS5A phosphorylation Coito et al, 2004 :
  926. RPS6KL1: ribosomal protein S6 kinase-like 1: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  927. RPS25 ribosomal protein S25: hepatitis C virus, poliovirus, or adenovirus, have impaired amplification in cells depleted of RPS25 Hertz et al, 2013
  928. RPTOR regulatory associated protein of MTOR, complex 1: knockdown nhibits viral RNA replication Stöhr et al, 2015
  929. RRBP1 ribosome binding protein 1 homolog 180kDa interacts with NS5A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  930. RSAD2 radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2 (viperin) : inhibits viral replication via interaction with NS5A Helbig et al, 2011 .
  931. RSPH3 radial spoke 3 homolog (Chlamydomonas) (RSHL2) interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  932. RUSC2 RUN and SH3 domain containing 2 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  933. RTN3 Reticulon 3 interacts with Ns4B Liu et al, 2005
  934. RXRA retinoid X receptor, alpha interacts with CORE protein Tsutsumi et al, 2002
  935. S-adenosylmethionine and betaine antagonise inhibition of interferon signalling (via methylation of STAT1) Duong et al, 2006
  936. S100 calcium binding proteins : overexpression of S100A1, S100A2 and S100A6 in sO cells inhibits HCV replication.Tani et al, 2013
  937. SACM1L SAC1 suppressor of actin mutations 1-like : Sac1 interacts with ARFGAP1 and inhibits HCV replication Li et al, 2014
  938. SART1 squamous cell carcinoma antigen recognized by T cells: Exerts antiviral effects Zhao et al, 2012
  939. SBF1 SET binding factor 1 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  940. SCARB1 scavenger receptor class B, member 1 interacts with E2 protein Scarselli et al, 2002
  941. SCARF1 scavenger receptor class F, member 1 NS3 receptor Beauvillain et al, 2010
  942. SCD stearoyl-CoA desaturase (delta-9-desaturase: activated by the CORE protein Miyoshi et al, 2011
  943. SDC2 syndecan interacts with E2 protein Barth et al, 2003
  944. SDC4 syndecan 4: Mediates viral entry via Interaction with Lipoviral Particle-associated APOE Lefèvre et al, 2014.
  945. SDCCAG8 serologically defined colon cancer antigen 8 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  946. SEC14L2 SEC14-like lipid binding 2: enables pan-genotype HCV replication in cell culture Saeed et al, 2015.
  947. SECISBP2 SECIS binding protein 2 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  948. SEPT9 septin 9 : siRNA knockdown increases infection Li et al, 2009
  949. SEPT10 septin 10 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  950. SERPINC1 serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade C (antithrombin), member 1 interacts with F protein Huang et al, 2005
  951. SERPINE1 serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E (nexin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1- pai-1), member 1 binds to internal ribosomal entry site.Lu et al, 2004
  952. SERPINF2 serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade F (alpha-2 antiplasmin, pigment epithelium derived factor), member 2 interacts with NS3 protein Drouet et al, 1999
  953. SERPING1 serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade G (C1 inhibitor), member 1 interacts with NS3 protein Drouet et al, 1999
  954. SERTAD1 SERTA domain containing 1 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  955. SESTD1 SEC14 and spectrin domains 1 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  956. SETD2 SET domain containing 2 interects with CORE, E1, E2, NS2 and NS5B De Chassey et al, 2008
  957. SF3B2 splicing factor 3b, subunit 2, 145kDa interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  958. SFRP4 secreted frizzled-related protein 4 interacts with NS5A protein Ahn et al, 2004
  959. SGMS1 sphingomyelin synthase 1: HCV alters sphingolipid metabolism to promote viral replication, via induction of SGMS1 and 2 Hirata et al, 2012
  960. SGMS2 sphingomyelin synthase 2: Hirata et al, 2012
  961. SH3TC1: SH3 domain and tetratricopeptide repeats 1: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  962. SHARPIN SHANK-associated RH domain interactor interacts with NS5A and NS5B De Chassey et al, 2008
  963. SIAH1 seven in absentia homolog 1 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  964. SIK2 salt-inducible kinase 2: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  965. SLC6A8: solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, creatine), member 8 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  966. SLC6A12 solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, betaine/GABA), member 12 Plays a role in viral entry Satoh et al, 2011
  967. SLC10A1 solute carrier family 10 member 1 ( sodium/bile acid cotransporter): mediates HCV infection of hepatocytes and is relevant for cell-to-cell transmission
  968. SLC11A1: solute carrier family 11 (proton-coupled divalent metal ion transporters), member 1 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  969. SLC12A4 solute carrier family 12 (potassium/chloride transporters)involved in viral replication (siRNA study) Ng et al, 2007
  970. SLC12A5 solute carrier family 12 (potassium-chloride transporter) involved in viral replication (siRNA study) Ng et al, 2007
  971. SLC22A7 solute carrier family 22 (organic anion transporter), member 7 interacts with CORE protein Kang et al, 2005
  972. SLC24A6 solute carrier family 24 (sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger), member 6: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  973. SLC25A5 solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; adenine nucleotide translocator), member 5 interacts with core protein Tripathi et al, 2010
  974. SLC31A2 solute carrier family 31 (copper transporters), member 2 interacts with CORE protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  975. SLCO1B7 solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1B7 (non-functional)
  976. SLIT1 slit homolog 1 (Drosophila) interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  977. SLIT2 slit homolog 2 (Drosophila) interacts with NS3 and p7 proteins De Chassey et al, 2008
  978. SLIT3 slit homolog 3 (Drosophila interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  979. SMAD3 SMAD family member 3 interacts with CORE and NS3 proteins De Chassey et al, 2008
  980. SMAD4 SMAD family member 4: Expression increased by the core protein and involved in viral regulation of hepcidin Foka et al, 2014
  981. SMAD5: SMAD family member 5: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  982. SMAD6: SMAD family member 6: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  983. SMAD7 SMAD family member 7 :Increased miR-16 expression induced by hepatitis C virus infection promotes liver fibrosis through downregulation of hepatocyte growth factor and Smad7 Zhu et al, 2015.
  984. SMARCD3: SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily d, member 3: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  985. SMEK2 SMEK homolog 2, suppressor of mek1 (Dictyostelium) interacts with E2 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  986. SMURF1: SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  987. SMURF2 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008 siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  988. SMYD3 SET and MYND domain containing 3 interacts with NS5A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  989. SNAI1 snail family transcriptional repressor 1 : HCV core increases Snail expression and induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatoma cells Zhou et al, 2016.
  990. SNRPD1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein D1 polypeptide 16kDa interacts with NS3 protein Iwai et al, 2003
  991. SNX4 sorting nexin 4 sorting nexin 4 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  992. SOCS1 suppressor of cytokine signaling 1: expression increased by the core protein in monocytes and macrophages Zhang et al, 2011
  993. SOCS3 suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 suppresses viral replication via mtor Shao et al, 2010
  994. SORBS2 sorbin and SH3 domain containing 2 interacts with NS5A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  995. SORBS3 sorbin and SH3 domain containing 3 (viexin) interacts with NS5A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  996. SORL1 sortilin-related receptor, L(DLR class) A repeats containing hepatic expression increased in response to HCV Infection in the Chimeric SCID-beige/Alb-uPA Mouse Walters et al, 2006
  997. SOS1 son of sevenless homolog 1 (Drosophila) : NS5A may compete with Sos for binding to Grb2 Tan et al, 1999 (GRB2 binds to SOS1 and SOS2)
  998. SOS2 son of sevenless homolog 2 (Drosophila): NS5A binds to grb2 may compete with Sos for binding to Grb2 Tan et al, 1999
  999. SPCS1 signal peptidase complex subunit 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae) : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1000. SPCS2 signal peptidase complex subunit 2 homolog (S. cerevisiae) : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1001. SPCS3 signal peptidase complex subunit 3 homolog (S. cerevisiae) : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1002. SPDEF: SAM pointed domain containing ets transcription factor: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1003. SPOCK3 sparc/osteonectin, cwcv and kazal-like domains proteoglycan (testican) 3 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1004. SPICE1 spindle and centriole associated protein 1 (ex CCDC52) interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1005. SPON1 spondin 1, extracellular matrix protein interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1006. SPPL2A peptidase-like 2A part of a signal peptidase that processes the hepatitis C virus core protein Weihofen et al, 2002
  1007. SPPL2B signal peptide peptidase-like 2B part of a signal peptidase that processes the hepatitis C virus core protein Weihofen et al, 2002
  1008. SPPL3 part of a signal peptidase that processes the hepatitis C virus core protein Weihofen et al, 2002
  1009. SRC v-src sarcoma (Schmidt-Ruppin A-2) viral oncogene homolog required for complex formation between viral proteins NS5A and NS5B.Pfannkuche et al, 2011
  1010. SREBF1 upregulated by NS5A via SP1 Xiang et al, 2010
  1011. SREBF2 sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2: Regulates many of the sterol pathway enzymes involved in viral replication Owens et al, 2010
  1012. SRCAP Snf2-related CREBBP activator protein interacts with NS5A protein Ghosh et al, 2000
  1013. SRFBP1: serum response factor binding protein 1: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1014. SP1 Sp1 transcription factor activated by NS5A Xiang et al, 2010
  1015. SPCS1 signal peptidase complex subunit 1 homolog: Participates in viral assembly via interaction with E2 and NS2 proteins Suzuki et al, 2013
  1016. SQSTM1 (p62) sequestosome 1: strong accumulation of p62 protein levels in the monocytes cultured in the presence of HCV-positive serum Granato et al, 2015
  1017. SRI sorcin : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1018. SRPX2 sushi-repeat containing protein, X-linked 2 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1019. SRRM2 serine/arginine repetitive matrix 2 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1020. SRRT Rac/Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 6: (ARS2) interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1021. SSB Sjogren syndrome antigen B (autoantigen La) interacts with NS5A protein Houshmand and Bergqvist, 2003
  1022. SSR4 signal sequence receptor, delta (translocon-associated protein delta) interacts with p7 protein Huang et al, 2005
  1023. SSX2IP synovial sarcoma, X breakpoint 2 interacting protein interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1024. ST3GAL1 ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 1 interacts with F protein Huang et al, 2005
  1025. ST6GAL1 ST6 beta-galactosamide alpha-2,6-sialyltranferase 1 : serum levels of ST6Gal I , a BACE1 substrate, in hepatitis C patients was correlates with hepatic inflammation Kitazume et al, 2009.
  1026. STAB1 stabilin 1 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1027. STAT1 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, 91kDa: interacts with CORE protein Lin et al, 2005
  1028. STAT2 signal transducer and activator of transcription 2, 113kDa: higher expression levels of STAT1, STAT2 and STAT5 are seen in liver tissue from HCV patients Bautista et al, 2007
  1029. STAT3 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (acute-phase response factor) : Interacts with CORE and NS3 proteins De Chassey et al, 2008 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1030. STAT5A signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A: higher expression levels of STAT1, STAT2 and STAT5 are seen in liver tissue from HCV patients Bautista et al, 2007
  1031. STAU1 staufen, RNA binding protein, homolog 1 (Drosophila) mediator of HCV clathrin-dependent endocytosis (siRNA study) Coller et al, 2009
  1032. STIM2 stromal interaction molecule 2 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1033. STRBP spermatid perinuclear RNA binding protein binds to the viral p7 protein Huang et al, 2005
  1034. STMN2: stathmin-like 2: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1035. STOM stomatin: Interacts with the viral RNA polymerase Kim et al, 2014
  1036. STRAP serine/threonine kinase receptor associated protein binds to internal ribosomal entry site.Lu et al, 2004
  1037. STRBP spermatid perinuclear RNA binding protein interacts with p7 protein Huang et al, 2005
  1038. STX2: syntaxin 2: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1039. SUMO1 small ubiquitin-like modifier 1: depletion prevents lipid droplet accumulation and HCV replication Akil et al, 2015.
  1040. SURF1: surfeit 1: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1041. SUV420H1: suppressor of variegation 4-20 homolog 1 (Drosophila): siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1042. SUZ12: suppressor of zeste 12 homolog (Drosophila) : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1043. SVEP1 sushi, von Willebrand factor type A, EGF and pentraxin domain containing 1 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1044. SYK spleen tyrosine kinase interacts with NS5A which downregulates SYK phosphorylation of PLCG1 Inubishi et al, 2008
  1045. SYNCRIP synaptotagmin binding, cytoplasmic RNA interacting protein enhances ires function Park et al, 2011
  1046. SYNE1 spectrin repeat containing, nuclear envelope 1 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1047. SYNPO2 synaptopodin 2 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1048. SYT1 synaptotagmin I mediator of HCV clathrin-dependent endocytosis (siRNA study) Coller et al, 2009
  1049. TACSTD2 tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 iinteracts with NS5A protein Ahn et al, 2004
  1050. TAF1 TAF1 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 250kDa iinteracts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1051. TAF9 TAF9 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 32kDa interacts with NS5A protein Lan et al, 2002
  1052. TAF11 TAF11 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 28kDa interacts with CORE protein Otsuka et al, 2000
  1053. TATDN1 TatD DNase domain containing 1 interacts with CORE protein Kang et al, 2005
  1054. TBC1D2B TBC1 domain family, member 2B interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1055. TBC1D8 TBC1 domain family, member 8 (with GRAM domain) binds to NS5A Sklan et al, 2007
  1056. TBC1D20 TBC1 domain family, member 20 binds to NS5A Sklan et al, 2007
  1057. TBCD tubulin folding cofactor D : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1058. TBK1 TANK-binding kinase 1 interacts with NS3 protein Otsuka et al, 2005
  1059. TBP TATA box binding protein interacts with CORE and NS5A De Chassey et al, 2008
  1060. TBXA2R involved in viral replication (siRNA study) Ng et al, 2007
  1061. TBXAS1 thromboxane A synthase 1 (platelet) interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1062. TCOF1: Treacher Collins-Franceschetti syndrome 1: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1063. TERT telomerase reverse transcriptase : NS3-4A protease-helicase binds to TERT Zhu et al, 2017.
  1064. TF Transferrin interacts with E2 protein Nozaki et al, 2003
  1065. TFAP2A: transcription factor AP-2 alpha (activating enhancer binding protein 2 alpha): siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1066. TFRC transferrin receptor: Viral entry receptor Martin and Uprichard, 2013
  1067. TGFA transforming growth factor, alpha The CORE protein activates TGFA via NFKB1 signalling in hepatocytes Sato et al, 2006
  1068. TGFB1 transforming growth factor, beta 1 : promoter activated by CORE protein Taniguchi et al, 2004
  1069. TGFB1I1 transforming growth factor beta 1 induced transcript 1: interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1070. TGFBR1 transforming growth factor, beta receptor 1: interacts with NS5A protein Choi and Hwang, 2006
  1071. TGM1 – transglutaminase 1: Component of the viral replication complex Park et al, 2013
  1072. THAP1 THAP domain containing, apoptosis associated protein 1: interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1073. THBS1 thrombospondin 1: interacts with NS5A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1074. TICAM1 toll-like receptor adaptor molecule 1 (TRIF) interacts with NS3 protein Ferreon et al, 2005
  1075. TJP1 tight junction protein 1: involved in the early steps of HCV infection Park et al, 2013
  1076. TLR2 toll receptor recognises NS3 Beauvillain et al, 2010 The virus acts as a ligand for TLR2 on human Kuppfer cells , which then secrete interleukin Interleukin-1beta (IL1B) , TNF-alpha (TNF) , and IL10 and up-regulate cell surface CD274 : (PD-L1) Tu et al, 2010.
  1077. TLR3 senses viral RNA Wang et al, 2009
  1078. TLR4 stimulated by NS5A Sène et al, 2010
  1079. TLR5 and TLR9 expression upregulated by viral core and NS3 proteins in human conjunctival fibroblasts Rajalakshmy et al, 2014
  1080. TLR7 recognises hepatitis C viral RNA Zhang et al, 2009
  1081. TLR8 involved in TNF secretion promoted by the virus Lee et al, 2015
  1082. TLR9: TLR5 and TLR9 expression upregulated by viral core and NS3 proteins in human conjunctival fibroblasts Rajalakshmy et al, 2014
  1083. TLR10 and TLR7 expression downregulated by viral core and NS3 proteins in human conjunctival fibroblasts Rajalakshmy et al, 2014
  1084. TM6SF2: transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1085. TMEM63B transmembrane protein 63B: interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1086. TMEM135 transmembrane protein 135: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1087. TMEM142A: transmembrane protein 142A: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1088. TMEM173 transmembrane protein 173 (STING): Binds to NS4B Nitta et al, 2013
  1089. TMEM179B transmembrane protein 179B interacts with NS5A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1090. TMF1 TATA element modulatory factor 1 interacts with NS5A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1091. TPPRSS12 transmembrane (C-terminal) protease, serine 12: siRNA knockdown increases infection Li et al, 2009
  1092. TMSB4X thymosin beta 4, X-linked interacts with E1 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1093. TNF The virus acts as a ligand for TLR2 on human Kuppfer cells , which then secrete interleukin IL1B , TNF-alpha (TNF) , and IL10 and up-regulate cell surface CD274 : (PD-L1) Tu et al, 2010.
  1094. TNFR1 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1A :Core protein associates with a TNF-R1-TRADD-TRAF2 signalling complex
  1095. TNFRSF1A tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1A interacts with CORE protein Zhu et al, 2001
  1096. TNFRSF1B tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1B: the viral -induced endothelial inflammatory response depends on the functional expression of TNFRSF1B Pircher et al, 2014
  1097. TNFRSF10A tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10a (DR4) : The virus sensitizes host cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by up-regulating TRAIL receptors, death receptor 4 (DR4) and death receptor 5 (TNFRSF10B) Deng et al, 2012.
  1098. TNFRSF10B tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10b :see Deng et al, 2012
  1099. TNFRSF18: tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 18 : siRNA knockdown increases infection Li et al, 2009
  1100. TNFRSF21 – tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 21: Component of the viral replication complex Park et al, 2013
  1101. TNFSF10 tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 10 ( TRAIL) : Donregulated by infection in hepatic natural killer cells Varchetta et al, 2012
  1102. TNFSF12 tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 12 (TWEAK): TNF-a, TNF-ß (LTA) , TWEAK and LIGHT promote HCV entry via NFKB mediated activation of myosin light chain kinase (MYLK3) and disruption of tight junctions Fletcher et al, 2016
  1103. TNFSF14 tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 14 (LIGHT):TNF-a, LTA, TWEAK and LIGHT promote HCV entry via NFKB mediated activation of myosin light chain kinase (MYLK3) and disruption of tight junctions Fletcher et al, 2016
  1104. TNK1 tyrosine kinase, non-receptor, 1 : Plays a role in the interferon antiviral response: TNK1 abundance is inversely correlated to viral replication efficiency Ooi et al, 2014
  1105. TNRC6A – trinucleotide repeat containing 6A :Ethanol increases HCV replication via upregulation of TNRC6A and HSP90 in human hepatoma cells Bukong et al, 2012
  1106. TOP1: topoisomerase (DNA) I: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1107. TP53 tumor protein p53 CORE, NS3, NS5A De Chassey et al, 2008
  1108. TP53BP2 tumor protein p53 binding protein, 2 CORE, NS5A De Chassey et al, 2008
  1109. TP73 tumor protein p73 interacts with CORE protein Alisi et al, 2003
  1110. TPM4: tropomyosin 4: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1111. TRADD TNFRSF1A-associated via death domain Core protein associates with a TNF-R1-TRADD-TRAF2 signalling complex
  1112. TRAF2 TNF receptor-associated factor 2: interacts with NS5A protein Park et al,2002
  1113. TRAF3 TNF receptor-associated factor 3: PLK1 Regulates interferon production by MAVS via dissociation of MACS/TRAF3 Vitour et al, 2009
  1114. TRAF6 TNF receptor-associated factor 6 :dominant negative TRAF2 or TRAF6 significantly block NFKB1 pathway activation by the core protein Yoshida et al, 2001
  1115. TRAF3IP1 binds to internal ribosomal entry site.Lu et al, 2004
  1116. TRAF3IP3 interacts with NS4A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1117. TRAPPC5: trafficking protein particle complex 5: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1118. TRIB3 tribbles pseudokinase 3: binds to NS3 protein Tran et al, 2016
  1119. TRIM23 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1120. TRIM27 NS2, NS3 De Chassey et al, 2008
  1121. TRIM42: tripartite motif-containing 42 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1122. TRIM56 tripartite motif containing 56: Part of the TLR3 antiviral signalling pathway Shen et al, 2012
  1123. TRIM62: tripartite motif-containing 62 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1124. TRIO interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1125. TRIOBP interacts with NS5A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1126. TRIP11 thyroid hormone receptor interactor 11 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1127. TRRAP: transformation/transcription domain-associated protein: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1128. TSG101 tumor susceptibility gene 101 knockdown suppressees infectivity Ariumi et al, 2011
  1129. TSN translin interacts with CORE protein Li et al, 2002
  1130. TSSK3 testis-specific serine kinase 3: siRNA knockdown increases infection Li et al, 2009
  1131. TTC4 tetratricopeptide repeat domain 4 interacts with NS5B protein Lan et al, 2003
  1132. TTC14 tetratricopeptide repeat domain 14 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1133. TTTY5: testis-specific transcript, Y-linked 5: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1134. TUBA1A tubulin interacts with CORE protein Roohvand et al, 2009
  1135. TUBA1B tubulin interacts with CORE protein Roohvand et al, 2009
  1136. TUBB tubulin interacts with CORE protein Roohvand et al, 2009
  1137. TUBB2C tubulin interacts with NS5B protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1138. TUBB5 tubulin interacts with CORE protein Roohvand et al, 2009
  1139. TWIST1: twist homolog 1 (acrocephalosyndactyly 3; Saethre-Chotzen syndrome) (Drosophila) : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1140. TWIST2 twist basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor 2: activated by NS5A in hepatocyte cell lines Akkari et al, 2012
  1141. TXNDC11 NS3, NS5A De Chassey et al, 2008
  1142. TXNL2 interacts with CORE protein Kang et al, 2005
  1143. SNRNP35 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 35kDa (U11/U12) (ex U1SNRNPBP) : siRNA knockdown increases infection Li et al, 2009
  1144. UBA52: ubiquitin A-52 residue ribosomal protein fusion product 1 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1145. UBASH3A ubiquitin associated and SH3 domain containing A interacts with NS5A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1146. UBA3 ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 3 (Ex UBE1C) interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1147. UBE3A ubiquitin protein ligase E3A: core protein inhibits UBE3A expression via DNA methylation Kwak et al, 2016
  1148. UNE2J2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2, J2 : siRNA knockdown increases infection Li et al, 2009
  1149. UBE2S ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2S : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1150. UBQLN1 Ubiquilin 1 interacts with NS4A, NS5B, p7 De Chassey et al, 2008
  1151. UBQLN4 ubiquilin 4 interacts with p7 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1152. UGCG UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase: NS5A and NS5B increase expression Guo et al, 2012
  1153. USHBP1 Usher syndrome 1C binding protein 1 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1154. USP11: ubiquitin specific peptidase 11 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1155. USP19 interacts with NS5A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1156. USP42: ubiquitin specific peptidase 42 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1157. USP43 ubiquitin specific peptidase 43: siRNA knockdown increases infection Li et al, 2009
  1158. USP51: ubiquitin specific peptidase 51 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1159. UXT ubiquitously-expressed transcript interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1160. Valine, a branched chain amino acid, may reduce HCV viral load (case report) Kawaguchi et al, 2012
  1161. VAMP1: vesicle-associated membrane protein 1 (synaptobrevin 1): siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1162. VAPA VAMP (vesicle-associated membrane protein)-associated protein A, 33kDa: interacts with NS5A and NS5B De Chassey et al, 2008
  1163. VAPB VAMP (vesicle-associated membrane protein)-associated protein B and C interacts with NS5A and NS5B De Chassey et al, 2008
  1164. VCAN Versican interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1165. VCP valosin containing protein required for viral replication Yi et al, 2016
  1166. VIM Viumentin interacts with CORE and NS3 proteins De Chassey et al, 2008
  1167. Vitamin D: 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) suppresses hepatitis C virus production Matsumura et al, 2012.
  1168. VLDLR very low density lipoprotein receptor : Viral receptor in hepatocytes Ujino et al, 2015
  1169. VPS4B vacuolar protein sorting 4 homolog B (S. cerevisiae) knockdown suppresses infectivity Ariumi et al, 2011
  1170. VPS35 vacuolar protein sorting 35 homolog (S. cerevisiae) interacts with NS5A protein Randall et al, 2007
  1171. VPS52 vacuolar protein sorting 52 homolog interacts with NS5A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1172. VRK1 vaccinia related kinase 1: Knockdown reduces replication Supekova et al, 2008
  1173. VTN vitronectin interacts with F protein Huang et al, 2005
  1174. VWF von Willebrand factor interacts with CORE and NS3 proteinsDe Chassey et al, 2008
  1175. WDR37: WD repeat domain 37 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1176. WDR43: WD repeat domain 43 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1177. WIBG within bgcn homolog: interacts with the core protein Ramage et al, 2015
  1178. WIF1: WNT inhibitory factor 1 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1179. WWTR1: WW domain containing transcription regulator 1 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1180. XAB2 XPA binding protein 2 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1181. XBP1 X-box binding protein 1: NS4B induces activating transcription factor (ATF6) and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (ERN1) resulting in XBP1 splicing Zheng et al, 2005 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1182. XPNPEP1: X-prolyl aminopeptidase (aminopeptidase P) 1, soluble : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1183. XPO1 exportin 1: binds to nuclear localization signals and nuclear export signals in viral proteins Levin et al, 2014
  1184. YBX1 Y-box-binding protein-1 interacts with NS3/4A Chatel-Chaix et al, 2011
  1185. XRN1 5'-3' exoribonuclease 1 inhibits HCV RNA levels Jones et al, 2010
  1186. XRN2 5'-3' exoribonuclease 2 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1187. YWHAB tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, beta polypeptide interacts with CORE protein Aoki et al, 2000
  1188. YWHAE tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, epsilon polypeptide interacts with the core protein , releasing BAX, activating the mitochondrial apoptosis programme (activation of VDAC1 and release of mitochondrial cytochrome C (CYCS) ) Lee et al, 2007 Plays an important role in antiviral MAVS/RIG-1 signalling (RNA viruses) Liu et al, 2012
  1189. YWHAZ tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta polypeptide interacts with CORE protein Aoki et al, 2000
  1190. YY1 transcription factor interacts with CORE protein Mai et al, 2006
  1191. YY1AP1 YY1 associated protein 1 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1192. ZBTB1 zinc finger and BTB domain containing 1 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1193. ZC3H12A zinc finger CCCH-type containing 12A : (mcpip1) suppresses hepatitis C virus replication Lin et al, 2014
  1194. ZCCHC7 zinc finger, CCHC domain containing 7 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1195. ZDHHC16 zinc finger, DHHC-type containing 16: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1196. ZEB1: zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1197. ZG16 zymogen granule protein 16 homolog interacts with F protein Huang et al, 2005
  1198. ZHX3 zinc fingers and homeoboxes 3 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1199. ZMYM2 zinc finger, MYM-type 2 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1200. ZNF148: zinc finger protein 148: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1201. ZNF271 zinc finger protein 271 interacts with CORE protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1202. ZNF281 zinc finger protein 281 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1203. ZNF337 zinc finger protein 337: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1204. ZNF346: zinc finger protein 346 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1205. ZNF410 zinc finger protein 410 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1206. ZNF467: zinc finger protein 467 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1207. ZNF608: zinc finger protein 608 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1208. ZNF646 zinc finger protein 646 interacts with NS5A protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1209. ZNF767: zinc finger family member 767 : siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1210. ZNRF2: zinc and ring finger 2: siRNA knockdown decreases infection Li et al, 2009
  1211. ZZZ3 zinc finger, ZZ domain containing 3 interacts with NS3 protein De Chassey et al, 2008
  1212. Phenothiazenes inhibit viral entry via effects on membrane cholesterol Chamoun-Emanuelli et al, 2013

HCV pro data : Interactions with viral proteins: HCVpro: hepatitis C virus protein interaction database. Kwofie SK, Schaefer U, Sundararajan VS, Bajic VB, Christoffels A. Infect Genet Evol. 2011 Dec;11(8):1971-7.

CORE: ACP1 ACY3 AGRN APOA2 BCAR1 C1QBP CCNH CD68 CDKN1A CFL1 COL4A2 CREB3 CREBBP DDX3X DDX3Y DDX5 DICER1 EGFL7 EIF2AK2 EP300 FADD FAS FBLN2 FBLN5 FKBP7 FUNDC2 GAPDH GLRX3 GRN HIVEP2 HLA-A HLA-E HNRNPK HOXD8 HSPD1 JAK1 JAK2 KPNA1 KRT18 KRT19 KRT8 LPXN LRRTM1 LTBP4 LTBR MAGED1 MCL1 MEGF6 MMRN2 NPM1 NR4A1 PABPN1 PAK4 PLSCR1 PML PPARA PSME3 RNF31 RSF1 RXRA SETD2 SLC22A7 SLC31A2 SMAD3 SP110 STAT1 STAT3 TAF11 TATDN1 TBP TLR2 TNF TNFRSF1A TP53
TP53BP2 TP73 TRADD TRAF2 TSN VIM VWF YWHAB YWHAE YWHAZ YY1 ZNF271

E1: CALR CANX CD209 CLEC4M HSPA5 JUN LTF NR4A1 PFN1 SETD2 TMSB4X

E2: CALR CANX CD209 CD81 CLEC4M EIF2AK2 EIF2AK3 FAM135A HOXD8 HSPA5 ITGB1 LTF NR4A1 PSMA6 SCARB1 SDC2 SETD2 SMEK2 TF

F: AGT AZGP1 C14orf135 CTSB MPDU1 PFDN2 PFDN5 RAB14 SERPINC1 ST3GAL1 VTN ZG16 ZNF83

NS2: C7 CIDEB FBLN5 HOXD8 NR4A1 POU3F2 SETD2 TRIM27

NS3: ACTN1 ACTN2 AEBP1 ALG13 ANKRD12 ANKRD28 ARFIP2 ARHGEF6 ARNT ARS2 ASXL1 B2M BCAN BCKDK BCL2A1 BCL6 BEND5 BZRAP1 C10orf18 C10orf6 C12orf41 C16orf7 C19orf66 C1orf94 C9orf30 CALCOCO2 CASP8 CBY1 CCDC21 CCDC37 CCDC52 CCDC66 CCHCR1 CD5L CDC23 CELSR2 CEP152 CEP192 CFP CHPF CORO1B CSNK2B CTGF DEAF1 DES DLAT DOCK7 DPF1 DPP7 EEF1A1 EFEMP1 EFEMP2 EIF1 EIF4ENIF1 ERC1 FAM120B FAM65A FBF1 FBLN1 FBLN2 FBLN5 FBN1 FBN3 FES FIGNL1 FLAD1 FN1 FRMPD4 FRS3 FTH1 FUCA2 GAA GBP2 GFAP GNB2 GON4L HIST3H2BB HIST4H4 HIVEP2 HNRNPK HOMER3 IKBKE INF2 INO80E IQWD1 IRF3 ITGB4 JAG2 JUN KHDRBS1 KIAA1549 KIAA2022 KIF17 KIF7 KPNA1 L3MBTL3 LAMA5 LAMB2 LAMC3 LDB1 LRRC7 LRRCC1 LTBP4 LZTS2 MAGED1 MAPK7 MBP MEGF8 MLLT4 MLXIP MORC4 MORF4L1 MVP NAP1L1 NAP1L2 NCAN NDC80 NEFL NEFM NELL1 NELL2 NID1 NID2 NOTCH1 N-PAC NUP62 OBSCN PARP4 PCYT2 PDE4DIP PDLIM5 PICK1 PKNOX1 PLEKHG4 PNPLA8 PRKACA PRM1 PRMT1 PRMT5 PRRC1 PSMB8 PSMB9 PSME3 PTBP2 PTPRN2 RABEP1 RAI14 RASAL2 RBM4 RCN3 RGNEF RICS RINT1 RNF31 ROGDI RSPH3 RUSC2 SBF1 SDCCAG8 SECISBP2 SEPT10 SERPINF2 SERPING1 SERTAD1 SESTD1 SF3B2 SIAH1 SLIT1 SLIT2 SLIT3 SMAD3 SMURF2 SNRPD1 SNX4 SPOCK3 SPON1 SRPX2 SSX2IP STAB1 STAT3 SVEP1 SYNE1 SYNPO2 TAF1 TBC1D2B TBK1 TBXAS1 TGFB1I1 THAP1 TICAM1 TLR2 TMEM63B TP53 TRIM23 TRIM27 TRIO TRIP11 TXNDC11 UBA3 USHBP1 UXT VCAN VIM VISA VWF XAB2 XRN2 YY1AP1 ZBTB1 ZCCHC7 ZHX3 ZMYM2 ZNF281 ZNF410 ZZZ3

NS4A: CAMLG CREB3 EEF1A1 ELAC2 HOXD8 MT2A MT-CO2 NR4A1 TRAF3IP3 TUT1 UBQLN1

NS4B: ATF6A ATF6B FGG MT-CO3 NDUFV3 RAB5A RBP4 RTN3 TNXB

NS5A: ACLY AHNAK AHSA1 AKT1 APOA1 APOB APOE ARAP1 ARFIP1 AXIN1 BAX BEND7 BIN1 C9orf6 CADPS CADPS2 CCDC86 CDC2 CDK2 CDK6 CENPC1 CEP120 CEP250 CEP57 CEP63 CRABP1 CSK CSNK2A1 DNAJA3 EFEMP1 EIF2AK2 FBXL2 FBXL20 FHL2 FKBP8 FTH1 FYN GAB1 GIN1 GOLGA2 GPS2 GRB2 GSK3A GSK3B HCK HSP90AA1 IGLL1 IPO4 IPO5 ITGAL JAK1 LCK LIMS2 LYN MAPK12 MGP MOBK1B MYD88 NAP1L1 NAP1L2 NDRG1 NFE2 NUCB1 OAS1 PARVG PDPK1 PI4KA PIK3CB PIK3R1 PITX1 PMVK PPP1R13L PPP2R4 PSMB9 PTMA PTPLAD1 RAF1 RPL18A RRBP1 SFRP4 SHARPIN SMYD3 SORBS2 SORBS3 SRC SRCAP SSB STAT1 TACSTD2 TAF9 TBC1D20 TBP TGFBR1 THBS1 TMF1 TP53 TP53BP2 TRADD TRAF2 TRIOBP TXNDC11 UBASH3A USP19 VAPA VAPB VPS35 VPS52 ZNF646

NS5B: ACTN1CEP250 CEP68 CHUK CINP DDX5 EIF4A2 FBXL2 HAO1 HNRNPA1 HOXD8 MGC2752 MOBK1B NCL NR4A1 OS9 PKM2 PKN2 PPIB PSMB4 PSMB9 PTBP2 SEPT6 SETD2 SHARPIN TTC4 TUBB2C UBQLN1 VAPA VAPB

P7: CREB3 FBLN2 FMNL1 FXYD6 H19 ISLR LMNB1 MS4A6A NUP214 SLIT2 SSR4 STRBP UBQLN1 UBQLN4

Pim Kinase Interacts with Nonstructural 5A Protein and Regulates Hepatitis C Virus Entry Park et al, 2015

Candidate NS5A interactors identified by protein microarray screening:

ABI1 AHCYL1 AHCYL2 AMPH APTX ATP5O ATPAF2 BAIAP2 BCKDK BIN1 BIRC4 BIRC7 BMX C10orf63 C22orf33 C6orf60 C9orf19 CAMK2D CASS4 CCDC149 CCDC55 CRKL DDX49 EIF4E2 FAM104A FGFR2 HSPC148 KDR LMX1A LOC100134934 MAB21L2 MAGEB4 MED4 MGC24125 MOBK1B MSL3L1 NCK1 NCK2 NIP30 NOSTRIN NR1D1 NTRK2 ODF2L OSTF1 PACSIN1 PACSIN2 PBK PCLO PIM1 PLK1 PPIE PRC1 PSTPIP1 PTK6 RAD51AP1 RPH3AL RSRC1 RTF1 SH3YL1 SNX10 SNX11 SNX9 SRI STK40 TRAF2
High Throughput experiments

Affinity capture and Identification of Host cell factors associated with hepatitis C virus (+) strand subgenomic RNA.Upadhyay et al, 2013

Proteins bound to Viral RNA: A1CF ADAR AKAP8 ATP1A1 ATP5A1 ATP5B CANX CAPRIN1 CCT2 CLTC CNOT1 CYP51A1 DDOST DDX3 DDX30 DDX5 DDX6 DRG1 EDC4 EEF1G EIF2S2 EIF2S3 EIF3A EIF3B EIF3C EIF3E EIF3G EIF3L EIF3M EPRS ERLIN2 FAM120A FUBP1 G3BP1 HDLBP HNRNPAB HNRNPC HNRNPH1 HNRNPK HNRNPM HNRNPU HNRNPUL1 HNRNPUL2 HSPA5 HSPA8 HSPD1 IGF2BP1 IGF2BP2 IGF2BP3 ILF2 IQGAP2 L1RE2 LARP7 LARS MOV10 MPP4 NOMO2 PA2G4 PABPC1 PABPC4 RARS RPL4 RPN1 RRBP1 STAU1 STOML2 TIAL1 TRIM28 TSR1 TUFM UBAP2L UPF1 UQCRC2 VCP XRN2 YBX1 YTHDF1 YTHDF2

Topological analysis of protein co-abundance networks identifies novel host targets important for HCV infection and pathogenesis.McDermott et al, 2012

Topology of overlapping differentially expressed proteins in the cell culture and clinical-derived networks
ACAT1 ACAT2 ACO1 ACY1 AHCY ALB ALDH1A1 ALDH2 ALDH6A1 ATIC ATP5B ATP5F1 ATP5I ATP5J ATP5O BHMT CA2 CALR CAT CCDC50 COL6A3 COX17 COX5A CPS1 CYB5A CYCS DCI DCXR DECR1 ECHS1 EIF5A ENAH ENO3 ERP29 ETFA ETFB FGA FGG FKBP11 FTL GLO1 GLUD1 GOT2 GSTK1 HADHA HADHB HIBADH HINT1 HINT2 HNRNPA3 HNRPDL HSD17B10 HSPA1A HSPA5 HSPA8 HSPA9 HSPE1 IMMT MAT1A MDH2 MTHFD1 NME1 NONO PARK7 PDIA3 PDIA6 PFDN1 PGRMC1 PHGDH PKLR PRDX1 PRDX3 PRDX5 PRDX6 PRKDC PSMA5 PSMC2 RPL17 RPL18 RPLP1 RPLP2 RPS10 RPS13 SDHB SERPINA1 SFPQ SFXN1 SHMT2 SNRP70 SOD1 ST13 TF TPI1 TRIOBP WDR57 YWHAQ ZC3H14

Innate immunity and hepatitis C virus infection: a microarray's view.Buonaguro et al, 2012 (A review of published microarray studies)

Differentially expressed genes identified in studies on liver tissues from chronic HCV patients

B2M CCR4 CD7 CXCL1 CXCL10 CXCL16 CXCL2 CXCL3 CXCL5 CXCL6 HLA-DQB1 HLAF IFI16 IFI27 IFNAR1 IGLL IL2RA IL8 IRF1 IRF9 LAIR1 LEAP2 LGALS3 LILRA1 LILRA4 LILRA5 LILRB2 LILRB3 LILRB4 MAP4K2 MASP1 MBL2 MX1 OASL PSMB4 PSMB9 PSME2 RFX5 SCYA19 SGK SOCS2 SOCS3 STAT TAP1 TRIM22 TRIM34

An Integrated Transcriptomic and Meta-Analysis of Hepatoma Cells Reveals Factors That Influence Susceptibility to HCV Infection MacPherson et al, 2011

Differentially expressed HCV-linked cellular receptors and lipoproteins APOB APOC1 APOC2 APOE ASGR1 ASGR2 CD81 CLDN1 CLDN6 LDLR MTTP VLDLR

Genes with top-scoring antiviral and proviral expression profiles: ABCB4 ANXA9 ASS1 C3 CPLX1 DDR1 EPDR1 F12 F5 GALNT7 HP HPR HSD11B2 IL17D KCNT2 KIAA1462 LEFTY1 LGALS1 MICB NCEH1 ORM1 ORM2 PGLYRP2 PSTPIP2 RELN SERPINC1 SLC7A10 SPAG1 TIMP1 TMEM86B TPBG TUBA1A

.Protein interaction neighbourhoods of HCV proteins: A2M ABCA1 ACE2 AGT ANXA1 APOA1 APOB ARAP1 B2M BACE1 BCAR1 BCL3 BIN1 BNIP3L BSCL2 C5ORF55 CA11 CA2 CANX CD63 CD82 CHMP2B CHUK COL18A1 COL1A2 COL4A2 CPB2 CREBBP CREG1 CSK DNAJC1 EEF1A1 EEF1G EFEMP2 EGF EIF2AK3 EMID2 EMP2 EP300 EPHA1 F11R F2 F5 FAS FBLN1 FBLN2 FBN1 FGFR3 FGFR4 FTL FURIN FXYD3 FYN GJA1 GLRX3 GRB2 GRN GSN HABP2 HEXDC HLA-DMB HLA-E HNRNPK HPR HSP90AA1 HSP90B1 HSPA5 HSPD1 ICAM3 IFNAR1 IFNGR2 IGDCC3 IKBKAP IL6R ITGA6 ITGAL ITGB1 JAK1 JAK2 JUN KNG1 KRT18 KRT8 LCK LYN MAPK7 MCC MDK MECOM MERTK NDRG1 NID1 NPDC1 NR4A1 PECAM1 PLSCR1 PML PPARG PRKACA PRMT1 PROS1 PSMA7 PSME3 RXRA SERPING1 SERPINC1 SERPINF2 SERPING1 SERPINH1 SLC4A2 SLP SMAD3 SMURF2 SPHK1 SPRY1 SRC STAT1 STAT3 TAF11 TBP TIMP1 TIMP2 TNFRSF10B TNFRSF1A TP53 TRAF2 TXNIP UBQLN4 UCHL1 VCAN VIM VPS35 WVF XRN2 YWHAB

Hepatitis C virus cell entry: role of lipoproteins and cellular receptors.Burlone and Budkowska, 2011

Cellular receptors and lipoproteins that regulate HCV virion cell entry or particle release APOB APOC1 APOC2 APOC3 APOE ASGR1 ASGR2 CD209 CD81 CLDN1 CLDN6 CLDN9 CLEC4M EIF2A EIF2AK2 IFNA16 IFNA2 IFNA5 IFNA8 ISGF8 LDLR MTTP OCLN SAA4 SAAL1 SCARB1 VLDLR

Gene Expression Profiling Indicates the Roles of Host Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, Lipid Metabolism, and Intracellular Transport Genes in the Replication of Hepatitis C Virus Blackham et al, 2010

Top modified genes: Type I and II Interferon Response: IRF1 IRF9 ISG20 OAS3 MX1 IFIT1 IFIT5 TRAF5 SOCS4 SOCS3 SOCS2 Complement cascade MASP1 CD55 C2 NCF2 MBL2 Inflammatory Chemokines and Cytokines IL8
IL6ST IL6R CXCL6 CXCL3 CXCL2 CXCL5 CXCL16 CXCL1 IL1RAP IL31RA CEBPB CEBPD CEBPG GBP1 Oxidative stress and detoxification NRF2 signalling EPHX1 CAT NQO1 MAFF MAF MAFK GPX2 GPX3 Metallothionein Gene Family MT1E MT1F MT1M MT1X MT1H MT1P2 Gluathionein-s-transferase Enzymes GSTM1 MGST3 GSTM3 GSTM4 GSTM2 Key Antioxidants GLRX PON2 AOX1 DNAJC8 GPX8 ATOX1 Oxidative-Stress Regulators SOD2 FMO1 HSPB8 TXNIP TXNRD2 TXNL1 TXNL4B AHR Signalling AHR CYP1A1 CYP1B1 Cellular Detoxification DDAH1 ESD NNMT UGT2B4 Pro-apoptotic Proteins BCL2L11 BCL2L12 BEX1 BEX2 BIRC3 BIRC5 DDIT3 DDIT4 DFFB HDAC9 IFT57 NDRG1 NDRG2 NDRG4 PLAGL1 PTPRH RASSF1 RYBP TLE3 TNFRSF11B TRIB3 TRIM69 TXNIP WWOX Pro-apoptotic transcription factors ATF4 DPF2 FOXO3 HLF TAF1A p53 and TGFß Signalling GADD45A GADD45B JUN JUNB KLF10 LTBP1 MYC NEDD9 PMAIP1 PPP1R15A SIRT1 SKIL TP53BP2 Anti-apoptotic Proteins BNIP1 PPP1R13L PRNP Cell cycle Arrest Proteins CDKN2C CDKN3 CIP29 INHBE STC2 Cell Cycle Progression CCNB1 CCNE1 CCNF CCNG2 CCNH CDC25C CDC27 CDK5 CDK5R1 CDK6 CDKN1C DOCK11 SKP2 TFDP2 Cytokinesis ANAPC10 ANAPC10P ANAPC4 ASPM CP110 DLGAP5 ESPL1 HMG20B KIF14 MAP3K11 MIS12 MOBKL2B NCAPD2 NDE1 NUBP1 PCM1 SFI1 SMC1A SPAG5 SPC24 TUBE1 S-Phase DNA Synthesis RFC3 RFC5 Cholesterol synthesis CYP51A1 DHCR7 EBP FDFT1 FDPS GGPS1 HMGCR HMGCS1 HMGCS2 ID1 IDI1 INSIG1 MVD NSDHL PGGT1B SC4MOL SQLE TM7SF2 Sphingolipid and Phospholipid Synthesis ABCB1 ABCB4 ACSL3 CHKA GULP1 KDSR LASS1 PPAP2BSGMS2 SGPL1 SGPP1 SPTLC1 SPTLC2 SPTLC3 Fatty acid degradation and oxidation ABCD3 ACADSB ACAT2 ACLY ACOX3 ALDH3A2 CES2 CPT1A CPT2 CROT FADS2 Fatty Acid Synthesis and Activation ACSL1 ACSL3 ACSL5 ELOVL4 ELOVL7 GPAM TXNIP Transcription factors involved in fatty acid synthesis SREBF1 PPARGC1A Transport of fatty acids BAAT FABP1 FABP3 FABP5 FABP5L2 FABP5L7 VLDLR Amino Acid Metabolism BCAT1 CBS CTH PSAT1 PSPH tRNA Synthesis AARS AARSD1 CARS EPRS GAD1 GARS LARS MARS SARS TARS WARS WARS2 Production of Ribosomes
GTPBP10 MRPL15 POLR1B POLR3A POLR3D RPL13 RPL28 RPL37 TWISTNB WDSOF1 mRNA splicing and processing CLK1 CLK4 HNRNPH3 HNRPLL INTS7 LSM5 PCF11 PLRG1 QKI RBM39 RNMT SLU7 SYNCRIP TXNL4B ZCCHC8 Protein Translation EIF1 EIF1AD EIF2AK1 EIF4A1 EIF4A2 EIF4E EIF4EBP1 EIF6 PAIP1 Protein Glycosylation LOC642103 /// MGAM OGT SENP6 Protein Sulphation SULT1E1 SULT1C2 SULT2A1 Proteosome Function PSMA1
PSMC1 PSMD1 PSMD3 Lysosome Function CTSC CTSH Ubiquitin Removal OTUD1 OTUD7B USP15 USP25 USP31 USP36 USP37 Ubiquitin Addition HUWE1 UBE2F UBE3B UBE3C Endosomal vesicle trafficking PICALM SNX12 SNX16 STON2 ER and Golgi trafficking ARFGEF1 ARFGEF2 GOSR2 RAB21 RAB33B RAB40B RAB6B RAB7L1 SEC11C SEC31A STX11 TRAPPC2L USE1 Secretory vesicle trafficking CPLX1 GOLSYN ICA1 RAB27A RAB27B RAB37 STX3 SYT1 VAT1 Microtubule binding proteins DYNC2LI1 EML1 KIF14 KIF18A KIF20A KIF5C KIF9 MAP1A MICAL2 MICALL2 TBCD TUBA1A TUBA4A Actin binding proteins ABLIM3 AFAP1L1 DIAPH3 DPYSL3 EVL FSCN1 GAS2L1 ITGA2 LCP1 LIMCH1 MAPKAP1 MYL9 SPTBN1 SSFA2 TAGLN TMOD1 S-phase DNA synthesis RFC3 RFC5

Genes modifying replication or secretion (siRNA study ) ABLIM3 CYP1A1 DDX3X RAB27A RAB27B RAB33B RAB40B TXNIP

Proteomic Analysis of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Core Protein Transfection and Host Regulator PA28gamma Knockout in HCV Pathogenesis: A Network-Based Study. Tripathi et al, 2012

Altered protein levels (Core transfection) AKT1 ANXA2 AP1G1 AP2B1 AP2M1 AP3M1 ARG1 ARHDG1B ARPC3 ARRB1 BAX CASP6 CASP8 CAV1 CDH1 CHRNA1 COMT CP CRSP1 CTCF DNAJB1 EIF5A EPS15 ERCC4 GABBR2 HTATSF1 ITGAV KPNB1 MAPK14 MAPRE3 MCM2 NCS1 NRSN1 NTRK2 NUMA1 P4HB RAD50 RAD9A RASA1 SRPK1 ST8SIA2 STAT1 STAT3 STX8 TFCP2 TNR TRIM28 TXNL1 VASP VT11A WRN

RNA-sequencing analysis of 5' capped RNAs identifies many new differentially expressed genes in acute hepatitis C virus infection. Papic et al, 2012

50 most highly upregulated genes during acute HCV infection.: AKNA ALPK3 ANKRD1 APS AREG ARVCF ASNS ATF3 BACH2 BBC3 C17orf28 C1orf24 COQ10B CSF1 DUSP1 DUSP8 FGF2 FLNC FUT1 GDF15 GEM GLI1 HDAC9 HSPB8 INHBE KLF4 KLHDC7B LARP6 LOC387758 LTBP1 MIST1 MTHFD2 MYC NPDC1 PLA2G4C RASD1 RASGEF1B SESN2 SLC16A4 SLC22A15 SLC34A2 SLC3A2 SLC5A10 SLC6A9 TAF1L TMEM206 TNFRSF12A ULBP1 UNC5B ZXDA

25 most highly downregulated genes during acute HCV infection.: AQP10 CFHL5 CLDN14 EDG1 EGR1 EPO FGF19 GALR2 GK2 GPR109A GPR109B HCN1 HP HPR KCTD12 NKIR PPOX PPP2R2B PRR15L SERPINA11 SLC32A1 TBPIP ZNF312

Regulation of hepatic innate immunity by hepatitis C virus Horner and Gale 2013

Anti-HCV interferon stimulated genes ADAR DDIT4 DDX58 DDX60 EIF2AK2 GBP1 IFI44L IFI6 IFIT1 IFIT3 IFITM1 IFITM3 IRF1 IRF7 ISG12 ISG20 MAP3K14 MOV10 MS4A4A MX1 NOS2 NT5C3 OAS1 OASL PLSCR1 RNAseL RSAD2 SSBP3 TRIM14

Integrative Functional Genomics of Hepatitis C Virus Infection Identifies Host Dependencies in Complete Viral Replication Cycle Li et al, 2014

Proviral ABCB6 ABCE1 ADFP AP1GBP1 AP3B1 APOBEC2 APOE ARHGAP22 ARRDC2 BAIAP2 BCL7A BCL9L C1QA C1QB CCDC8 CCL3L1 CD3E CD81 CDCA3 CDH1 CDKL5 CEBPD CHKA CHUK CLSTN1 CNOT1 CNOT2 CNOT3 CNOT6L CRLF2 CSNK1A1L CTGF CTSF CX3CL1 CYBA DDOST DDX3X DDX6 DEFB126 DGAT1 DNMT1 DOCK3 E2F1 EIF3S6 FBLN5 FKBPL FLT4 FOXA2 FOXP3 GCAT GNB2L1 GNG8 MCHR2 GPR153 GPSN2 GSPT1 GTF3A HAS1 HEXA HIPK3 HPX IDE IFITM2 IFITM3 IGSF11 CADM2 IMP4 IREB2 IRF3 ITGA7 ITGB1BP2 LRRC62 MAP3K6 MAP4 MAPK1 MARK3 DACT3 MVD MYO3A NDUFB4 NEK4 NOL6 OSBP SCYL3 PARP11 PDAP1 PIK4CA PLB1 PLEK2 PNO1 PPP2R1A PRKRIP1 PROX1 PTHR1 PTK2B TWF1 RAB10 RAB11A RABEPK RAC1 RAF1 RBM9 RBP4 RGPD5 RGR RIPK2 RIT1 RNF207 RNF31 ROBO1 ROCK2 RPS6KL1 RYK SH3TC1 SIK2 SMAD5 SMAD6 SMARCD3 SMURF1 SMURF2 NUAK2 SPCS1 SPCS2 SPCS3 SRI SRRM2 STAT3 SUV420H1 TAZ TFAP2A TM6SF2 MED12 TRAPPC5 TRIM42 TRIM46 TRIM62 TRRAP TWIST1 UBE1L UBE2E3 UBE2J1 UBE2M UBE2S USP11 USP16 USP51 UTP14A VAMP1 VTN WIF1 XBP1 XPNPEP1 ZNF337

Antiviral ACBD3 ARHGEF7 ART5 CPD CRLF3 CSF3R CTNNAL1 CXCL12 ECT2 ERBB2 GNAZ HNRPK IGFBP6 IL17RB IMPDH1 MMP11 MMP9 NDRG1 OTUB1 PTPRH SNRPD1 TSSK3 TGFBR1 TNFRSF10C TNFRSF10D TNFRSF18

Modulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Activated Protein Kinase 3 by Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein Ngo et al, 2013

Candidate core interactors identified by protein microarray screening

AMMECR1L ASXL1 AURKA C11orf51 C11orf63 C12orf41 C12orf45 C13orf27 C17orf85 C1orf35 C1orf63 C20orf198 C7orf49 C8orf33 C9orf71 C9orf9 CALU CCDC28A CCDC72 CCNB3 CCNG1 CLIP4 CNOT8 CSNK2A2 CTTN DDX55 DEXI DNAJC8 DRAP1 DUX3 DYNC1I1 EBAG9 EHHADH EIF1AY ELOF1 EPB41L4A FAM116B FAM126B FAM71C FGF12 FOS GCC1 GLIPR2 HDGFRP3 HMGB2 HMGN3 HRAS HSPC111 IFRD2 INTS3 IPPK JMJD2D KLF3 LOC158812 LRRC48 MAP2 MAPKAPK3 MAPKAPK5 MSL3L1 NOC2L NOL7 NR4A1 OTUD6B PCLO PDAP1 PIN4 POLB PPARG PPP2R3B PRR15 PSMD4 RABEPK RAD51AP1 RPL22 RPL23A RPL29 RPL30 RPL39L RPS28 SART3 SERTAD1 SFRS5 SFRS9 SLAIN2 SPANXN4 SPC24 SPRR4 SRP19 STK6 SUDS3 SUPT16H TBC1D22B TERF1 TRIM44 TTLL7 UBD UBE2S VCY VRK1 WDR5 ZNF239 ZRANB2

Metabolomics:

Hepatitis C Virus Hijacks Host Lipid Metabolism

Metabolomic Profile of Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Hepatocytes Roe et al, 2011

Compounds significantly modified within 1-72hrs after infection:

10-nonadecenoate (19:1n9) 1-oleoylglycerophosphoinositol 1-palmitoylglycerophosphoinositol 1-stearoylglycerophosphoinositol 2,3-diphosphoglycerate 2-aminoadipate 2-hydroxyglutarate 2-palmitoylglycerophosphocholine 4-guanidinobutanoate 5-methylthioadenosine (MTA) acetylcarnitine acetylphosphate adenine adenosine alanine arabonate arginine aspartate caprate (10:0) cholesterol choline phosphate cis-aconitate coenzyme A cystathionine cysteinylglycine cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine docosadienoate (22:2n6) docosapentaenoate (n3 DPA; 22:5n3) erythritol erythronate gamma-glutamylglutamate gamma-glutamylisoleucine gamma-glutamylleucine glutamate glutathione, oxidized (GSSG) glycerophosphoethanolamine glycylleucine guanosine 5'- monophosphate (GMP) guanosine 5'-diphospho-fucose hydroxyisovaleroyl carnitine inosine Isobar: fructose 1,6-diphosphate, glucose 1,6-diphosphate isoleucine lathosterol laurate (12:0) malate methionine myo-inositol myristate (14:0) N-acetylalanine N-acetylglutamate N-acetylornithine nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) palmitoyl sphingomyelin pantothenate pelargonate (9:0) penicillin G propionylcarnitine scyllo-inositol sedoheptulose-7-phosphate serine S-methylglutathione spermine sphinganine sphingosine succinate tryptophan tyrosine UDP-glucuronate uridine 5'-monophosphate (UMP) valerylcarnitine xylonate

Genes modifying infection in Man

  1. IL28A Rauch et al, 2010
  2. IL28B Rauch et al, 2010
  3. IL28RA Cui et al, 2011
  4. IL29 Rauch et al, 2010
  5. NFKBIE Clausen et al, 2013
  6. TLR9 Clausen et al, 2013

 

Liver Disease / Hepatitis news headlines provided courtesy of Medical News Today.

Infectious Diseases / Bacteria / Viruses news headlines provided courtesy of Medical News Today.

 

Loading...

 
 
     

View Stats

Last update: January 8, 2017