.......... ...........
Enhanced links to genes are provided by
Relationships between schizophrenia susceptibility genes and certain of the pathogens implicated in the disease
Many of the genes implicated in schizophrenia are also involved in the life-cycles of the pathogens implicated in the disease. These table sumarise some of these interactions.
For further details, see:- Carter C.J. Schizophrenia susceptibility genes directly implicated in the life cycles of pathogens: Cytomegalovirus, Influenza, Herpes simplex, Rubella, and T.Gondii. Schiz Bull, in press
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Pathogen receptors: Pathogens bind to cell surface constituents (sialic acids, phospholipids etc) or to specific receptorswhich are then internalised using the endocytic pathway |
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Adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix, junctions and related | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Growth factor signaling: Pathogens may at different stages of their life cycle either inhibit PI3K/AKT signaling resulting in apoptosis, and release of the pathogen, or stimulate this survival pathway, enabling them to stay in residence Apoptosis, Cell Signaling, And Human Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms By Rakesh Srivastava | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Innate Immune system: By definition involved in pathogen defense | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Diverse binding partners and interactions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Glutamate general: One of the ways in which the influenza virus could affect postsynaptic function is via its interactions with the dendritic mRNA transport protein, staufen, to which the NS1 influenza protein binds 330. Dendrites contain messenger RNA, thought to code for many of the elements necessary for glutamatergic transmission, plasticity and protein synthesis 331 and processes implicated in neuronal plasticity. The herpes virus also triggers the formation of varicosities along the axons of sensory neurones that stain for synaptophysin and closely resemble presynaptic terminals 332. These effects are mediated by viral activation of the rho GTP binding protein CDC42, which also plays a key role in the maturation of presynaptic glutamatergic terminals 333. These varicosities serve as exit sites for the herpes virus, and if they correspond to presynaptic terminals, presumably contain many of the components of these structures (eg synapsins, complexins and syntaxins). The M1 protein of the influenza virus also binds to CDC42 334 whose suppression inhibits viral production. |
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Receptors and growth factors with important neural functions also play an important role in T- and B- lymphocyte function: Some examples are listed below. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Reference List
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