ACSL3 acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3: interacts
with viral BDLF3.5 VirHostome
database
ADAM9 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 9: interacts with viral BDLF4
VirHostome
database
ADAM10 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10: interacts with viral BDLF4
VirHostome
database
ADAM28 – ADAM metallopeptidase domain 28: CCL3, CCL4, CXCL10,
CXCL11, ITGA4, ITGB1, ADAM28, and ADAMDEC1, mRNA expression repressed
by EBNA3C in EBNA3C-expressing B cells McClellan
et al, 2012
ADAMDEC1 – ADAM-like, decysin 1: CCL3, CCL4, CXCL10, CXCL11,
ITGA4, ITGB1, ADAM28, and ADAMDEC1, mRNA expression repressed by
EBNA3C in EBNA3C-expressing B cells McClellan
et al, 2012
AKT1 – v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1: Phosphorylation
of AKT1 and its downstream targets IkappaB, FOXO1 inhibited by LMP1
siRNA in C666-1 cells Mei
et al, 2007
APOE genotype affects infectious mononucleosis risk (caused by
EBV infection) Wozniak
et al, 2007
infectious mononucleosis (acute EBV infection) is associated
with an altered serum lipid profile ; total cholesterol, HDL-C,
LDL-C, apoAI, apoB, apoC-III and Lp(a) levels were lower at
baseline and triglyceride levels and CETP activity were elevated
acutely Apostolou
et al, 2010
ARGLU1 – arginine and glutamate rich 1: EBNALP associates
with hairy and enhancer of split 1 (hes1), cd21, cd23, and arglu1
enhancer or promoter DNA Portal
et al, 2011
ASNA1 – arsA arsenite transporter, ATP-binding, homolog
1: BNLF2a acts as a tail-anchored protein, exploiting AASNA1/WRB
for posttranslational insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane,
where it blocks antigen translocation by the transporter associated
with antigen processing (TAP) Wycisk
et al, 2011
ATF2 – activating transcription factor: EBV infection induces
expression of the transcription factors ATF2/c-Jun in B lymphocytes
Bandobashi
et al, 2005
ATF4 – activating transcription factor 4 : transactivates
the LMP1 promoter. Lee
and Sugden 2008
ATF6 – activating transcription factor 6: LMP1 activates
PERK, ERN1 and ATF6, 3 pathways of the unfolded protein response
Lee
and Sugden, 2006.
ATP2A3 – ATPase, Ca++ transporting, ubiquitous (SERCA3):
Latency type III infection of Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines with
EBV expressing the full set of latency genes decreased ATP2A3 expression
Dellis
et al, 2009
BACH2 – BTB and CNC homology 1, basic leucine zipper transcription
factor 2 EBV DNA is integrated into the host genome within BACH2
in a Burkitt lymphoma cell line Takakuwa
et al, 2004
BCL2A1 – BCL2-related protein A1: activated by EBNA2 via
a CBF1/RBPJ kappa-dependent pathway Pegman
et al, 2006
BCL2L1 – BCL2-like 1 (Bim): downregulation of EBV with EBNA-1
siRNAs caused an increase in the expression of Bcl-xL in EBV infected
Akata cells Lima
et al, 2011
BIRC5 baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5: marked upregulation
in EBV-infected B-cells from tonsils along with CDK1 and CCNB1 Bernasconi
et al, 2013
BIRC6 – baculoviral IAP repeat containing 6: targeted by
EBV encoded miR-BART15-3p microRNA
Choi et al, 2013
BLNK – B-cell linker: EBV infection causes constitutive
tyrosine phosphorylation of one of the two SLP-65 (BLNK) isoforms
and complex formation between SLP-65 and the protooncoprotein CrkL
(CT10 regulator of kinase like).Engels
et al, 2001
BMI1 polycomb ring finger oncogene EBNA3A and EBNA3C associate
with histone deacetylases BMI1, RING1 and CtBP1 Skalska
et al, 2013
BTK – Bruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase: activation
of Zp, the viral BZLF1 promoter requires the BCR-coupled protein
tyrosine kinases Syk and Btk Lavens
et al, 2004
C5AR1 – complement component 5a receptor 1: EBV infection
of tonsillar B cells increases expression Ehlin-Henriksson
et al, 2009
CAPN1 calpain 1, (mu/I) large subunit: interacts with viral BGLF3
VirHostome
database
CAPN2calpain 2, (m/II) large subunit: interacts with viral BTRF1
VirHostome
database
CAPZB capping protein (actin filament) muscle Z-line, beta: interacts
with viral BXLF1 VirHostome
database
CASP1 – caspase 1, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase:
activated in EBV latency I Raji and other cells Ansari
et al, 2013
CASP3 – caspase 3, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase
: cells treated with LMP1 siRNA showed enhanced cleavage of caspase3
and PARP Mei
et al, 2007
Caspases CASP3, CASP7, CASP8 and CASP9 activated by LMP1 in lymphoblastoid
cell lines Le
Clorennec et al, 2008
CAT – catalase : Induction of the Epstein-Barr viral lytic
cycle in vitro causes oxidative stress in lymphoblastoid B cell
lines and decreases superoxide dismutase and catalase activity Gargouri
et al, 2009.
CBL – Cbl proto-oncogene, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase: downregulates
EBV LMP2A signaling Ikeda
and Longnecker, 2009.
CCL1 – chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1: EBV infection of
tonsillar B cells increases expression (7 days post infection) Ehlin-Henriksson
et al, 2009
CCL2 – chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2: LMP1 can induce the
expression of RANTES(CCL5) and MCP-1 (CCL2) in an epithelial cell
line Buettner
et al, 2007 . EBV infection of tonsillar B cells reduces expression
(7 days post infection) Ehlin-Henriksson
et al, 2009
CCL3 – chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3: MIP-1 alpha: EBV-infected
B cells secrete CCL3, CCL4 and CCL5 Nakayama
et al, 2004
CCL4 – chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 MIP-1-beta: EBV-infected
B cells secrete CCL3, CCL4 and CCL5 Nakayama
et al, 2004
CCL5 – chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5: LMP1 can induce the
expression of RANTES(CCL5) and MCP-1 (CCL2) in an epithelial cell
line Buettner
et al, 2007 EBV infection of tonsillar B cells increases expression
(7 days post infection) Ehlin-Henriksson
et al, 2009
CCL11 – chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11: EBV infection of
tonsillar B cells increases expression (7 days post infection) Ehlin-Henriksson
et al, 2009
CCL13 – chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 13: EBV infection of
tonsillar B cells increases expression (7 days post infection) Ehlin-Henriksson
et al, 2009
CCL17 – chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17: Viral LMP1 induces
Th2 attracting chemokines CCL17 and CCL22 in human B cells Nakayama
et al, 2004
CCL19 – chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19: EBV infection of
tonsillar B cells increases expression Ehlin-Henriksson
et al, 2009
CCL20 – chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20: EBV infection increases
the expression of the chemokine CCL20 in both primary Hodgkin and
Reed-Sternberg cells and Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cell-derived
cell lines, via EBNA1 Baumforth
et al, 2008 EBV infection of tonsillar B cells increases expression
Ehlin-Henriksson
et al, 2009
CCL21 – chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21; EBV infection affects
the chemotactic response to CXCL13 and CCL21 (the ligands for CXCR5
and CCR7, respectively) with a reduction of ligand-induced migration
at day 2 in tonsil B cells Ehlin-Henriksson
et al, 2009.
CCL22 – chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22: Viral LMP1 induces
Th2 attracting chemokines CCL17 and CCL22 in human B cells Nakayama
et al, 2004
CCL24 – chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 24: EBV infection of
tonsillar B cells increases expression (7 days post infection) Ehlin-Henriksson
et al, 2009
CCR2 – chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2: EBV infection of
tonsillar B cells increases expression Ehlin-Henriksson
et al, 2009
CCR6 – chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 6: Human B cells immortalized
with Epstein-Barr virus upregulate CCR6 and CCR10 and downregulate
CXCR4 and CXCR5 Nakayama
et al, 2002. EBV infection of tonsillar B cells reduces expression
(7 days post infection) Ehlin-Henriksson
et al, 2009
CCR7 – chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 7: EBV infection of
tonsillar B cells reduces the expression of CXCR5, as well as of
CCR7 Ehlin-Henriksson
et al, 2009
CCR9 – chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 9 : EBV infection
of tonsillar B cells increases expression Ehlin-Henriksson
et al, 2009
CCR10 – chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 10: Human B cells
immortalized with Epstein-Barr virus upregulate CCR6 and CCR10 and
downregulate CXCR4 and CXCR5 Nakayama
et al, 2002.
CCRL2 – chemokine (C-C motif) receptor-like 2: EBV infection
of tonsillar B cells reduces expression (7 days post infection)
Ehlin-Henriksson
et al, 2009
CD5 – CD5 molecule: B cell expression regulated during Epstein-Barr
virus transformation Kaplan
et al, 2001.
CD40 viral LMP1 is a functional mimic of the tumor necrosis factor
receptor superfamily member CD40, utilizing tumor necrosis factor
receptor-associated factor (TRAF) adaptor proteins to induce signaling
Arcipowski
et al, 2011.
CD40LG – CD40 ligand: downregulates EBNA2 in activated T
cells Nagy
et al, 2012
CD274 ICOSLG inducible T-cell costimulator ligand: The virus upregulates
T-cell inhibitory molecules B7-H1 (CD274) and ICOSLG in Plasmacytoid
dendritic cells Severa
et al, 2013
CDC42 – cell division cycle 42: Viral LMP1 stimulates Cdc42-dependent
filopodia formation as well as JNK and NF(kappa)B activation in
fibroblasts Puls
et al, 1999
CDH1 – cadherin 1, type 1, E-cadherin (epithelial):expression
decreased by infection in epithelial cells Fåhraeus
et al, 1992
CDH2 – cadherin 2, type 1, N-cadherin (neuronal): LMP1 decreases
overall levels of JUP but the remaining junctional plakoglobin was
found associated with the LMP1 induced CDH2 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
cells Shair
et al, 2009
CHUK – conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase: LMP1
uses two distinct pathways to activate NF-kappaB: via TRAF6/MAP3K7/IKBKB
or TRAF3/MAP3K14/CHUK (noncanonical pathway) Wu
et al, 2006.
CKAP5 cytoskeleton associated protein 5; interacts with viral
BNLF2A VirHostome
database
CRKL – v-crk sarcoma virus CT10 oncogene homolog (avian)-lik:
EBV infection causes constitutive tyrosine phosphorylation of one
of the two BLNK isoforms and complex formation between BLNK and
CRKL .Engels
et al, 2001
CSF1 – colony stimulating factor 1 (macrophage) neutralised
by viral BARF1 Elegheert
et al, 2012
CSF2 – colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)
: upregulated by viral Zta and secreted from nasopharyngeal carcinoma
cells Lee
et al, 2011
CUL1 cullin 1: induction of the productive virus cycle was accompanied
by a gradual decrease of Cul1, Cul3, Cul4A and Cul5 expression Gastaldello
et al, 2010
CXCL2 CXCL2 – chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2: EBV infection
of tonsillar B cells reduces expression (7 days post infection)
Ehlin-Henriksson
et al, 2009
PPBP – pro-platelet basic protein (chemokine (C-X-C motif)
ligand 7): (CXCL7) EBV infection of tonsillar B cells increases
expression (7 days post infection) Ehlin-Henriksson
et al, 2009
CXCL10 – chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10: CCL3, CCL4,
CXCL10, CXCL11, ITGA4, ITGB1, ADAM28, and ADAMDEC1, mRNA expression
repressed by EBNA3C in EBNA3C-expressing B cells McClellan
et al, 2012
CXCL12 – chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12: in lymphoblastoid
cell lines, CXCL12 is up-regulated by EBNA2C via the latter's interaction
with the transcription factor RBPJ Zhao
et al, 2011
CXCR3 – chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3 : EBV infection
of tonsillar B cells increases expression (7 days post infection)
Ehlin-Henriksson
et al, 2009
CXCR4 – chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4: induced by viral
LMP1 and associated with the metastatic potential of human nasopharyngeal
carcinoma Xu
et al, 2013.
CXCR5 – chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 5: Human B cells
immortalized with Epstein-Barr virus upregulate CCR6 and CCR10 and
downregulate CXCR4 and CXCR5 Nakayama
et al, 2002. EBV infection of tonsillar B cells reduces the
expression of CXCR5, as well as of CCR7 Ehlin-Henriksson
et al, 2009
CXCR7 – chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 7: Upregulated
by EBNA2 in EBV immortalised lymphocytes Cancian
et al, 2011
CYCS cytochrome c, somatic : etoposide-triggered apoptosis,and
caspase-2 and 3 activation, is enhanced by LMP1as is the release
of cytochrome c Zhang
et al, 2005.
DAXX death-domain associated protein: interacts with viral BNRF1
VirHostome
database
DDIT3 – DNA-damage-inducible transcript 3 (CHOP): LMP1 transfection
increased the expression of HSPA5 and XBP1, but attenuated the expression
of death signals, CHOP and MAP3K5 Chang
et al, 2011
DDX20 DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 20 (Gemin3) Stabilised
by EBNA3C Cai
et al, 2011
DDX58 DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 58 (RIG-1) Epstein-Barr
virus-encoded small RNAs, transcribed by RNA polymerase III then
trigger RIG-I activation Ablasser
et al, 2009.
DNMT1 – DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1: LMP1 induces
promoter hypermethylation of RARB via up-regulation of DNA methyltransferases
1, 3a, and 3b in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells Seo
et al, 2008
DNMT3A – DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 3 alpha: See
Seo
et al, 2008
DNMT3B – DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 3 beta: See
Seo
et al, 2008
DOK1 docking protein 1, 62kDa (downstream of tyrosine kinase 1)
infection of primary human B-cells leads to the down-regulation
of DOK1 gene expression via the viral oncoprotein LMP1 Siouda
et al, 2014
E2F4 – E2F transcription factor 4, p107/p130-binding: LMP1
ablocks the function of E2F4 and E2F5 by promoting their nuclear
export in a XPO1-dependent manner Ohtani
et al, 2003
EGLN1 – egl nine homolog 1 (C. elegans): EBNA-5 and EBNA-3
bind to prolylhydroxylases 1 and 2, (EGLN1 EGLN2) respectively,
thus inhibiting HIF1A hydroxylation and degradation Darekar
et al, 2012.
EHMT1 interacts with viral BFRF0.5EI24 interacts with viral BNLF2A
VirHostome
database
EIF2AK2 – eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha
kinase 2 (pkr) Interacts with viral EBER1 and Sharp
et al, 1993
EIF2AK3 – eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha
kinase 3 (perk) : LMP1 activates PERK, ERN1 and ATF6, 3 pathways
of the unfolded protein response Lee
and Sugden, 2006.
EIF2S1 – eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2, subunit
1 alpha, 35kDa: EBNA3C maintains phosphorylation of eIF2alpha at
serine 51 Garrido
et al, 2009
EIF4EBP1 – eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding
protein 1: MTOR activation by LMP2A in carcinoma cells leads to
EIF4EBP1 inhibition and increased c-Myc protein translation Moody
et al, 2005
ELK1 – ELK1, member of ETS oncogene family; viral Zta binds
to the Egr-1 promoter and activates the ERK signaling pathway to
trigger binding of Elk1 to the Egr-1 promoter Chang
et al, 2006
ENPP2 – ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase
2 (autotaxin): EBV infection of Hodgkin lymphoma cells results in
the induction of autotaxin Baumforth
et al, 2005
EREG – epiregulin : EGFR ligands (TGFA, HBEGF and epiregulin)
are constitutively induced by LMP1 in mice expressing the Cao strain
of LMP1 in epithelia Charalambous
et al, 2007
ERN1 – endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1: LMP1
activates PERK, ERN1 and ATF6, 3 pathways of the unfolded protein
response Lee
and Sugden, 2006.
ETS1 ETS proto-oncogene 1, transcription factor: LMP1 upregulates
immunoglobulin K 3' enhancer activity and kappa gene expression
by activating the Ets-1 transcription factor through the ERKs signaling
pathway Liu
et al, 2012
ETS2 – v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog
2 (avian): LMP1 promotes the XPO1-dependent nuclear export of Ets2
Ohtani
et al, 2003
PTK2 – protein tyrosine kinase 2: (FAK) Inhibition of FAK
or its signaling mediator Src kinase inhibits LMP2A-induced migration
of human foreskin keratinocytes: LMP2A also induced GSK3ß
phosphorylation Fotheringham
et al, 2012
FOXO1 – forkhead box O1: Phosphorylation of AKT1 and its
downstream targets IkappaB, FOXO1 inhibited by LMP1 siRNA in C666-1
cells Mei
et al, 2007
FOXO3 forkhead box O3: Viral LMP1 triggers the PI3K/Akt pathway
to inactivate FOXO3 and decrease DDB1, which can lead to repression
of DNA repair Chen
et al, 2008
FYN – FYN oncogene related to SRC, FGR, YES: Lck and Fyn
are recruited to the tyrosine-phosphorylated Tyr112 site in LMP2A
in T cells Ingham
et al, 2005
GTF2H1 – general transcription factor IIH, polypeptide 1,
62kDa: The p89 (ERCC3), p80 (ERCC2), and p62 (GTF2H1) subunits of
TFIIH bind to EBNA2: the p34 (GTF2H3) subunit of TFIIH only bound
in the presence of p62 Tong
et al, 1995
HBEGF – heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor : EGFR ligands
(TGFalpha HBEGF and epiregulin) are constitutively induced by LMP1
in mice expressing the Cao strain of LMP1 in epithelia Charalambous
et al, 2007
HDAC1 – histone deacetylase 1: viral BGLF4 interacts with
HDAC1 Mounce
et al, 2013
HDAC3 – histone deacetylase 3 : EBNA1 binds close to the
transcriptional start sites of cellular genes, including HDAC3,
CDC7, and MAP3K1, which are positively regulated by EBNA1 Lu
et al, 2010.
HDAC4 – histone deacetylase 4: viral EBNA5 coactivates transcription
by displacing HDAC4 from EBNA2-bound promoter sites Tacaks
et al, 2009
HES1 – hairy and enhancer of split 1: EBNALP associates
with hairy and enhancer of split 1 (hes1), cd21, cd23, and arginine
and glutamate-rich 1 (arglu1) enhancer or promoter DNA Portal
et al, 2011
HIF1A – hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic
helix-loop-helix transcription factor): EBNA-5 and EBNA-3 bind to
prolylhydroxylases 1 and 2, (EGLN1 EGLN2) respectively, thus inhibiting
HIF1A hydroxylation and degradation Darekar
et al, 2012.
HMHA1 histocompatibility (minor) HA-1 : Involved in bystander
suppression : When viral antigen , myeloid dendritic cells , and
T cells were coinjected along with HMAH1 (HA-1H) peptide, the antiviral
anti-EBV response was inhibited Derks
et al, 2007
ICOSLG inducible T-cell costimulator ligand: The virus upregulates
T-cell inhibitory molecules B7-H1 (CD274) and ICOSLG in Plasmacytoid
dendritic cells Severa
et al, 2013
IFI16 – interferon, gamma-inducible protein 16: sensing
of the latent EBV genome by IFI16 results in the constitutive induction
of the inflammasome and IL-1ß, IL-18 and IL-33 maturation
in EBV latency I Raji cells, latency II NPC C666-1 cells and latency
III lymphoblastoid cells Ansari
et al, 2013.
IFNA1 interferon, alpha 1: upregulates latent membrane protein
1 (LMP-1) expression by direct activation of the ED-L1 promoter
in Epstein-Barr virus -carrying Burkitt's lymphoma lines Salomon
et al, 2012
IFNAR1 interferon (alpha, beta and omega) receptor 1: Viral LMP2A
and LMP2B increase the turnover and degradation of IFNAR1 and IFNGR1
Shah
et al, 2009
IFNG – interferon, gamma: Viral BZLF1 decreases the ability
of IFN-gamma to activate downstream target genes, such as IRF1,
IRF9 (p48), and CIITA, and prevents IFN-gamma-induced class II MHC
surface expression
IL1B – interleukin 1, beta : sensing of the latent EBV
genome by IFI16 results in the constitutive induction of the inflammasome
and IL-1ß, IL-18 and IL-33 maturation in EBV latency I Raji
cells, latency II NPC C666-1 cells and latency III lymphoblastoid
cells Ansari
et al, 2013.
IL1RN – interleukin 1 receptor antagonist: synthesis induced
by EBV in neutrophils Beaulieu
et al, 1995
IFNA2 – interferon, alpha 2 :Infection of monocytes with
EBV induced IFNalpha secretion Michaud
et al, 2010
IFNB1 – interferon, beta 1, fibroblast; Viral BRLF1 inhibits
IRF3 and IRF7 transcription and suppresses induction of interferon-beta
induction.Bentz
et al, 2010
IFNG – interferon, gamma: polymorphisms modify the risk
of EBV reactivation in man Bogunia-Kubik
et al, 2006
IKZF1 IKAROS family zinc finger 1 (Ikaros) : complexes with the
EBV immediate-early R protein Iempridee
et al, 2014
IL4 – interleukin 4: exposure to IL-4 or IL-13 alone induces
viral LMP-1 in the absence of EBNA-2 in the KMH2-EBV cell line Kis
et al, 2011
IL6 – interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2): LMP1 regulates
IL6 production in epithelial cells in a manner similar to CD40 ligation
Eliopoulos
et al, 1997
IL6R – interleukin 6 receptor: EBV infection in vitro leads
to an up-regulation of IL-6R mRNA in Burkitt's lymphoma cells Tomeczkowsk
et al, 1997
IL8 – interleukin 8: Transfection with LMP1 induced IL-8
protein expression in C33A cells Yoshizaki
et al, 2001
IL12A – interleukin 12A (natural killer cell stimulatory
factor 1, cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 1, p35) : interleukin-12
is a heterodimeric cytokine of 70 kDa formed by IL12A and IL12B
. originally identified and purified from the supernatant of Epstein-Barr
virus-transformed B cell lines Trinchieri
et al, 1992
IL13 – interleukin 13: exposure to IL-4 or IL-13 alone induces
viral LMP-1 in the absence of EBNA-2 in the KMH2-EBV cell line Kis
et al, 2011 Viral Zta binds to the IL-13 promoter Tsai
et al, 2009
IL15 – interleukin 15: curtails infections by 3 human herpesviruses:
Herpes simplex virus type 1, Epstein-Barr virus, and human herpesvirus
6 via natural killer cells Gosselin
et al, 1999
IL16 – interleukin 16: Induced by viral EBNA2 in B cells
Spender
et al, 2002
IL18 – interleukin 18 (interferon-gamma-inducing factor):
IL-18 serum concentration is markedly elevated in acute EBV infection
van
de Veerdonk et al, 2012
IL18R1 interleukin 18 receptor 1: EBNA2 induces expression of
the 2 chains of the interleukin-18 receptor in Burkitt lymphoma
cell lines and in nontransformed B cells Pages
et al, 2005
IL18RAP – interleukin 18 receptor accessory protein: see
above Pages
et al, 2005
IL21 – interleukin 21: regulates expression of viral EBNA2
and LMP1 in infected human B cells Konforte
et al, 2008.
IL33 – interleukin 33: sensing of the latent EBV genome
by IFI16 results in the constitutive induction of the inflammasome
and IL-1ß, IL-18 and IL-33 maturation in EBV latency I Raji
cells, latency II NPC C666-1 cells and latency III lymphoblastoid
cells Ansari
et al, 2013.
IRF4 IRF4 – interferon regulatory factor 4: viral EBNA3C
physically interacts with IRF4 and IRF8 Banerjee
et al, 2013
IRF5 – interferon regulatory factor 5: induced by EBV infection
in B cells
Martin et al, 2007
IRF7 – interferon regulatory factor 7 : EBNA1 regulates
IRF7 function by inducing its sumoylation by SUMO1 via EBNA1/UBE2I
interaction Bentz
et al, 2012.
IRF8 – interferon regulatory factor 8: viral EBNA3C physically
interacts with IRF4 and IRF8 Banerjee
et al, 2013
ITGB6 Integrins ITGAV/ITGB6 and ITGAV/ITGB8 can serve as specific
receptors for viral gHgL and can provide the trigger for direct
virus fusion with the epithelial cell plasma membrane . Hutt-Fletcher
and Chesnokova, 2010
JDP2 – Jun dimerization protein 2: associates with the viral
BZLF1 promoter Murata
et al, 2011
JUN – jun proto-oncogene: JunB forms a heterodimeric complex
with JUN under the regulation of viral LMP1 Song
et al, 2005
JUNB – jun B proto-oncogene: JunB forms a heterodimeric
complex with JUN under the regulation of viral LMP1 Song
et al, 2005
JUP – junction plakoglobin: LMP1 decreases overall levels
of JUP but the remaining junctional plakoglobin was found associated
with the LMP1 induced N-cadherin (CDH2) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
cells Shair
et al, 2009
KAT5 – K(lysine) acetyltransferase 5 Phosphorylated by viral
kinase BGLF4 Li
et al, 2011
KCNN4 – potassium intermediate/small conductance calcium-activated
channel, subfamily N, member 4: activated by EBV infection or antigen
presentation in T cells Nicolaou
et al, 2007
LCK – lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase: Lck and
Fyn are recruited to the tyrosine-phosphorylated Tyr112 site in
LMP2A in T cells Ingham
et al, 2005
LYN – v-yes-1 Yamaguchi sarcoma viral related oncogene homolog:
Viral LMP2A blocks B cell receptor (BCR) signal transduction in
vitro by binding Syk and Lyn protein tyrosine kinases Caldwell
et al, 1998
MAP3K1 – mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase
1, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase: EBNA1 binds close to the transcriptional
start sites of cellular genes, including HDAC3, CDC7, and MAP3K1,
which are positively regulated by EBNA1 Lu
et al, 2010.
MAP3K7 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 (tak1):
LMP1 uses two distinct pathways to activate NF-kappaB: via TRAF6/MAP3K7/IKBKB
or TRAF3/MAP3K14/CHUK (noncanonical pathway) Wu
et al, 2006.
MAP3K8 – mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase
8: LMP1 promotes the activation of MPA3K8, and an inactive MAP3K8
mutant suppresses LMP1-induced NF-kappaB signaling Eliopoulos
et al, 2002
MAP3K14 – mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase
14 (nik): LMP1 uses two distinct pathways to activate NF-kappaB:
via TRAF6/MAP3K7/IKBKB or TRAF3/MAP3K14/CHUK (noncanonical pathway)
Wu
et al, 2006.
MAPK1 – mitogen-activated protein kinase 1: activated by
viral LMP1 signalling Roberts
and Cooper, 1998
MAPK8 – mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (JNK) Viral LMP1
stimulates Cdc42-dependent filopodia formation as well as JNK and
NF(kappa)B activation in fibroblasts Puls
et al, 1999
MERTK – c-mer proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase: induced by
Epstein-Barr virus immediate-early protein BRLF1 Li
et al, 2004
MET – met proto-oncogene (hepatocyte growth factor receptor):
Induced by viral LMP1 in Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells
Horikawa
et al, 2001.
MLH1 – mutL homolog 1, colon cancer, nonpolyposis type 2:
MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2 can be assembled to Epstein-Barr virus
replication compartments, the sites of viral DNA synthesis. Daikoku
et al, 2006
MMP3 upregulated by the virus in epithelial cells Lan
et al, 2013
MMP9 upregulated by the virus in epithelial cells Lan
et al, 2013
MSH2 – mutS homolog 2, colon cancer, nonpolyposis type 1:
MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2 can be assembled to Epstein-Barr virus
replication compartments, the sites of viral DNA synthesis. Daikoku
et al, 2006
MST1R – macrophage stimulating 1 receptor (c-met-related
tyrosine kinase)(RON) : LMP1 stimulates NFKB1 binding to the RON
promoter inducing expression of RON Chou
et al, 2007
MTOR – mechanistic target of rapamycin (serine/threonine
kinase): activated by expression of LMP2A in carcinoma cells leading
to inhibition of the negative regulator of translation, EIF4EBP1,
and increased c-Myc protein translation Moody
et al, 2005
MYD88 – myeloid differentiation primary response 88; suppression
of EBV replication is dependent on TLR9 and MyD88 signaling in Burkitt's
lymphoma cells Zauner
et al, 2010
MYH2 myosin, heavy chain 2, skeletal muscle, adult; interacts
with viral BDLF4 VirHostome
database
NCOR1 – nuclear receptor corepressor 1:EBV nuclear antigen
LP (EBNALP) associates with NCoR and dismissed NCoR, NCoR and RBPJ,
or NCoR, RBPJ, and EBNA2 from matrix-associated deacetylase bodies.
EBNALP associates with hairy and enhancer of split 1 (hes1), cd21,
cd23, and arginine and glutamate-rich 1 (arglu1) enhancer or promoter
DNA Portal
et al, 2011
NFKB1 – nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer
in B-cells 1: Viral LMP1 induces formation of NFKB complexes containing
NFkB1, NFkB2, RelA and c-Rel in human T-lymphoid and monocytic cells
Chien
and Hammarskjöld, 2000
NFKB2 – nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer
in B-cells 2 (p49/p100): Viral LMP1 induces formation of NFKB complexes
containing NFkB1, NFkB2, RelA and c-Rel in human T-lymphoid and
monocytic cells Chien
and Hammarskjöld, 2000
PIK3R1 phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 1 (alpha):
Induced by EBNA2 in human B-lymphoblastoid cell line Spender
et al, 2006
PIK3R3 – phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 3
(gamma): Induced by EBNA2 in human B-lymphoblastoid cell line Spender
et al, 2006
PIN1 – peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting
1: interacts with the viral DNA polymerase catalytic subunit and
regulates viral DNA replication Narita
et al, 2013.
PLA2G4A – phospholipase A2, group IVA (cytosolic, calcium-dependent):
Involved in viral reactivation Maas
et al, 2006
PLAU – plasminogen activator, urokinase: PAI-1, PLAU and
ets1 upregulated during transformation of Madin-Darby canine kidney
epithelial cells by LMP1 Kim
et al, 2000
PLCG2 – phospholipase C, gamma 2 (phosphatidylinositol-specific):
LMP2Astimulated protein tyrosine kinases and induced PLCG2-mediated
Ca2+ oscillations followed by activation of the extracellular signal-regulated
kinase (Erk) mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in LMP2A expressing
B cells Engels
et al, 2012
PMAIP1 – phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein
1: (noxa): Latent Epstein-Barr virus can inhibit apoptosis in B
cells by blocking PMAIP1 induction Yee
et al, 2011.
PML promyelocytic leukemia: Binds to EBNA1 Sivachandran N (2008)
PMS2 PMS2 postmeiotic segregation increased 2: MSH2, MSH6, MLH1,
and PMS2 can be assembled to Epstein-Barr virus replication compartments,
the sites of viral DNA synthesis. Daikoku
et al, 2006
PPP1R15A – protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 15A
(gadd34) EBNA3C interacts with Gadd34 and counteracts the unfolded
protein response Garrido
et al, 2009.
PTEN – phosphatase and tensin homolog: Activation of DNA
methyltransferase 1 by LMP2A leads to promoter hypermethylation
of PTEN gene in gastric carcinoma Hino
et al, 2009.
PTGS2 – prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin
G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase): Induced by LMP1 in nasopharyngeal
epithelial cells Murono
et al, 2001
PTMA – prothymosin, alpha: A complex of EBNA3C and PTMA
coimmunoprecipitated with HDAC1 and HDAC2 in cell lines stably expressing
EBNA3C : Knight
et al 2003
PYCARD – PYD and CARD domain containing: Interaction between
PYCARD with IFI16, but not with AIM2 or NLRP3 was detected in EBV
latency cells and during EBV infection of primary human B-cells
Ansari
et al, 2013
RARB – retinoic acid receptor, beta: LMP1 induces promoter
hypermethylation of RARB via up-regulation of DNA methyltransferases
1, 3a, and 3b Seo
et al, 2008
RECQL – RecQ protein-like (DNA helicase Q1-like): interacts
with EBV OriLyt Wang
et al, 2009
REL – v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog
(avian)(c-rel) : Viral LMP1 induces formation of NFKB complexes
containing NFkB1, NFkB2, RelA and c-Rel in human T-lymphoid and
monocytic cells Chien
and Hammarskjöld, 2000
RELA – v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog
A (avian): Viral LMP1 induces formation of NFKB complexes containing
NFkB1, NFkB2, RelA and c-Rel in human T-lymphoid and monocytic cells
Chien
and Hammarskjöld, 2000
RHOA – ras homolog family member A: a central component
of the signalling pathway reorganising the cytoskeleton in response
to viral BDLF2-BMRF2 Loesing
et al, 2009.
SERPINB5 – serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B (ovalbumin),
member 5: EBNA1 upregulates proteins affecting metastatic potential
(stathmin 1, maspin (SERPINB5) , and NME1) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
cells Cao
et al, 2012
SERPINB9 – serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B (ovalbumin),
member 9: In kidney transplants, serpinB9 transcription was increased
during infection with cytomegalovirus, EBV or BK virus Heutinck
et al, 2012 SERPINB9 is a granzyme B inhibitor (GZMB): see Classen
et al, 2006
SERPINE1 – serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E (nexin, plasminogen
activator inhibitor type 1(PAI-1)), member 1 : PAI-1, PLAU and ets1
upregulated during transformation of Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial
cells by LMP1 Kim
et al, 2000
SH2D1A – SH2 domain containing 1A; LMP1 suppresses this
Sgene, leading to T-cell activation and enhanced Th1 cytokine secretion
in response to EBV infection Chuang
et al, 2005.
SHB – Src homology 2 domain containing adaptor protein B
: Shb binding to viral LMP2A regulates stability of the Syk tyrosine
kinase in LMP2A-expressing cells Matskova
et al, 2007
SIN3A – SIN3 transcription regulator homolog A (yeast):
A complex of EBNA3C and ProThymosin alpha (PTMA) coimmunoprecipitated
with HDAC1 and HDAC2 in cell lines stably expressing EBNA3C : The
complex also binds SIN3A Knight
et al 2003
SKP2 – S-phase kinase-associated protein 2, E3 ubiquitin
protein ligase :recruitment of Skp2 activity to cyclin A complexes
by EBNA3C results in ubiquitination and Skp2-dependent degradation
of p27 (cdkn1b) Knight
et al, 2005
SOCS1 – suppressor of cytokine signaling 1: EBV infection
in monocytes induced the expression of SOCS3 and, to a lesser extent,
SOCS1, both known to interfere with the amplification of IFNalpha
secretion mediated by the JAK/STAT signal transduction pathway Michaud
et al, 2010
SOD1 – superoxide dismutase 1, soluble: EBNA1 upregulates
proteins affecting metastatic potential (stathmin 1, maspin (SERPINB5)
, and Nm23-H1) and several proteins in the oxidative stress response
proteins SOD1 and peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1),NOX1 and NOX2 in nasopharyngeal
carcinoma cells Cao
et al, 2012
SOD2 – superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial: upregulated
by infection in B cells Jeon
et al, 2008
SRC – v-src sarcoma (Schmidt-Ruppin A-2) viral oncogene
homolog (avian): Inhibition of FAK or its signaling mediator Src
kinase inhibits LMP2A-induced migration of human foreskin keratinocytes
Fotheringham
et al, 2012
STAP2 – signal transducing adaptor family member 2: interacts
with LMP1 and modulates LMP1-mediated NF-kappaB signaling Sekine,
2010.
STAT1 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 : expression
modulated by LMP1 Najjar
et al, 2005
STAT2 signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 : LMP-1
prevents Tyk2 phosphorylation and inhibits IFN-alpha-stimulated
STAT2 nuclear translocation and interferon-stimulated response element
transcriptional activity geiger
and Martin, 2006.
STAT3 – signal transducer and activator of transcription
3 (acute-phase response factor) : LMP1 activates EGFR, STAT3, and
ERK via PKCdelta Kung
et al, 2011.
EBV infection was associated with a significant increase in the
tyrosine-phosphorylated forms of STAT3 and STAT5 in HeLa-Bx1 cells
Chen
et al, 2003
STAT6 – signal transducer and activator of transcription
6, interleukin-4 induced: STAT6 binding site in the LMP-1 promoter
Kis
et al, 2011
TGFA – transforming growth factor, alph: EGFR ligands (TGFA,
HBEGF and epiregulin) are constitutively induced by LMP1 in mice
expressing the Cao strain of LMP1 in epithelia Charalambous
et al, 2007
TGFB1 – transforming growth factor, beta 1: induced EBV
reactivation in epithelial cells Fukuda
et al, 2001
TLR7 – toll-like receptor 7: EBV DNA and RNA promoted IFNalpha
production by human Plasmacytoid dendritic cells through engagement
of TLR9 and TLR7, respectively Quan
et al, 2010
TNFRSF1A – tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member
1A: Downregulated by EBNA1 in T cells Chuang
et al, 2007
TNFRSF6B – tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member
6b, decoy: LMP1 upregulates TNFRSF6B via NFKB1 and phosphatidylinositol
3-kinase-signaling in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells Ho
et al, 2009
TNFSF13 tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 13
(APRIL) LMP1 dysregulates class switch DNA recombination by triggering
aberrant BAFF and APRIL expression in B cells He
et al, 2003
TNFSF13B – tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member
13b (BAFF) See above He
et al, 2003
TNIK – TRAF2 and NCK interacting kinase: required for canonical
NF-kB and JNK signaling in B-cells by viral LMP1 and the CD40 receptor
Shkoda
et al, 2012.
TPST1 – tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase 1: induced by viral
LMP1 and associated with the metastatic potential of human nasopharyngeal
carcinoma Xu
et al, 2013.
TRADD TNFRSF1A-associated via death domainbinds to viral LMP1
Fries
et al, 1999
TRAF1 interacts with viral BALF2 :binds to viral LMP1 Fries
et al, 1999
VAV1 – vav 1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor: LMP2 is
constitutively tyrosine phosphorylated and associated with Lyn and
Syk tyrosine kinases . Baseline Lyn activity is reduced, and slg
cross-linking fails to activate Lyn, Syk, Pl3-K, PLC gamma 2, Vav,
Shc, and MAPK. Syk, Pl3-K, PLC gamma 2, and Vav are constitutively
tyrosine phosphorylated Miller
at al, 1995
VDAC1 – voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (porin): Involved
in LMP1 signalling Yan
et al, 2006
VDR Vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor: binds to EBNA3
Yenamandra
et al, 2010
VEGFA – vascular endothelial growth factor A: Induced by
LMP1 in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells Murono
et al, 2001
VHL – von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor, E3 ubiquitin protein
ligase: EBV infection of tonsillar B cells reduces expression (7
days post infection) Ehlin-Henriksson
et al, 2009
WRB – tryptophan rich basic protein: BNLF2a acts as a tail-anchored
protein, exploiting AASNA1/WRB for posttranslational insertion into
the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, where it blocks antigen translocation
by the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) Wycisk
et al, 2011
XRCC5 – X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese
hamster cells 5 (double-strand-break rejoining): binds to Zta on
Zta-response elements in the BHLF1 promoter Chen
et al, 2011
ZEB1 zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1; regulates the latent-lytic
switch in infection by Epstein-Barr virus Yu
et al, 2007.
ZEB2 – zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2: ZEB1 or ZEB2
regulate the Epstein-Barr virus latent-lytic switch in a cell-type-specific
manner Ellis
et al, 2010.
ZNF350 – zinc finger protein 350: interacts with replication
protein BBLF2/3 Liao
et al, 2005
ZW10 zw10 kinetochore protein: interacts with viral BNLF2A VirHostome
database
ZYX Zyxin interacts with viral BVLF1 VirHostome
databaseMicroarray and bulk experiments
Identification of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen
2 (EBNA2) target proteins by proteome analysis: activation of EBNA2
in conditionally immortalized B cells reflects early events after
infection of primary B cells by EBV. Shlee
et al 2004
Role of NF-KB in Cell Survival and Transcription of Latent
Membrane Protein 1-Expressing or Epstein-Barr Virus Latency III-Infected
CellsCahir-McFarland
et al, 2004 (lymphoblastoid cell lines)
Genes that change > 4-fold with EBV infection or LMP1 expression.
Epstein–Barr virus transcription factor Zta acts through distal
regulatory elements to directly control cellular gene expression Ramasubramanyan
et al, 2015
Misregulated genes during the viral lytic replication cycle
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