Bacteria, viruses and fungi that have been reported as colonisers in Cystic Fibrosis
|
Bacteria |
Colonisation and effects on symptoms |
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Acinetobacter baumanii |
Isolated from Russian children with CF 1 |
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Burkholderia Cepacia |
Associated with cystic fibrosis 2 |
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Chlamydia pneumoniae |
Associated with exacerbation of symptoms 3 |
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Clostridium difficile |
Increased in CF patients 4 |
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Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum |
Isolated from CF children’s sputum 5 |
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Haemophilus influenzae |
Often recorded in CF sputum 6 |
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Helicobacter pylori |
Increased in patients with pancreatic sufficiency 7: Certain Mutations protect against H.Pylori infection in patients with pancreatic insufficiency 7 |
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Multiple strains of Mycobacteria |
UK case report 8 |
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Pneumocystis jirovecii |
Isolated from French children with CF 9 |
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Prevotella species |
Isolated from the airways of CF patients 10 |
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Pseudomonas Aeruginosa |
Infections decrease the life expectancy of CF patients 11 |
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Staphylococcus Aureus |
Infections decrease the life expectancy of CF patients 11 |
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Stenotrophomonas maltophilia |
Associated with worsened clinical status 12-14 |
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Streptococcus Millerii |
Isolated from CF airways 15 |
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Pseudomonadaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, Moraxellaceae and Enterobacteriaceae |
These species are prevalent in the airways of cystic fibrosis patients 16 |
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Others Over 60 bacterial genera, not typically associated with cystic fibrosis were isolated from the sputum of CF patients including species of :- Actinobacillus, Aggregatibacter, Chryseomonas, Flavimonas, Haemophilus, Pseudomonas, Strenotrophomonas, Vibrio, Acidovorax, Azonexus, Comomonas, Delftia, Eikenella, Kingella, Neisseria, Brevundimonas, Spingobium, Sphingopyxis, Xanthobacter, Abiotrophia, Enterococcus, Gemella, Granulicatella, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Butyrovibrio, Catonella, Dialister, Megasphaera, Moryella, Oribavterium, Peptoniphilus, Peptostyreptococcus, Selenomonas, Veillonella, Bulleida, Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Actinomyces, Arthrobacter, Atopobium, Corynebacterium, Micrococcus, Propionibacterium, Rhodococcus, Rothia, Scardovia, Tessaracoccus, Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Bergeyella, Capnocytophage, Mycoplasma, treponema 17 |
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Viruses | |||||
Epstein-Barr |
Infection can exacerbate respiratory symptoms 18 |
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Herpes simplex |
Association has been observed but appears to be rare 19 |
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Hepatitis B |
Occasionally observed in CF patients 20 |
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Hepatitis C |
Increased in CF patients 21 |
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Influenza |
Infection worsens symptoms 22 |
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Respiratory syncytial virus |
Increased in CF children 23 |
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Rhinovirus |
Rhinoviruses exacerbate CF symptoms 24 |
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Fungi | |||||
Candida and Aspergillus species ; Scedosporium apiospermum Exophiala dermatitidis |
Isolated from the respiratory tract of CF patients 25 |
References
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19. Goyal R., Nada R., Das A., & Marwaha R.K. (2006) Disseminated herpes simplex infection with cystic fibrosis: a case report. Indian J.Pathol.Microbiol. 49, 607-609.
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24. Brownlee J.W. & Turner R.B. (2008) New developments in the epidemiology and clinical spectrum of rhinovirus infections. Curr.Opin.Pediatr. 20, 67-71.
25. Muller F.M. & Seidler M. (2010) Characteristics of pathogenic fungi and antifungal therapy in cystic fibrosis. Expert.Rev.Anti.Infect.Ther. 8, 957-964.